A reduced form for linear differential systems and its application to integrability of Hamiltonian systems (Q655570)

The authors link the ``effective differential Galois theory'' with the complete integrability (in the Liouville sense) of autonomous Hamiltonian systems. The authors start by considering linear differential systems in the form \[ [A]:= X'=AX,\quad A\in\mathcal{M}_n(k), \] where \(k\) is a differential field with constant field \(C\) algebraically closed and of characteristic zero. They obtain a new system \([R]\) through a gauge transformation: \[ \mathcal{M}_n(\overline{k})\ni R=P^{-1}(AP-P'),\quad P\in GL_n(\overline{k}). \] Assuming \(G\) is the differential Galois group of the system \([A]\), the Lie algebra of \(G\) is denoted by \(\mathfrak g\). In this way, the system \([A]\) is ``reduced'' whenever \(R\in\mathfrak g (\overline k)\). This reduction is used to obtain Galoisian obstruction to integrability of Hamiltonian systems (Morales-Ramis theory) in an effective way. In particular, the non-integrability of the Hill problem is proved through this approach.