Ibn al-Zarqālluh's discovery of the annual equation of the Moon (Q6562918)

The paper is a meticulous examination of Ibn al-Zarqālluh's discovery of a new inequality in the Moon's longitudinal motion, known as the ``annual equation of the Moon.'' This paper showcases the significance of the discovery within the Islamic astronomy in the medieval ages. The paper must be appreciated for its technical rigor and historical depth. However, due to the prevalence of technical jargon, it may be inaccessible to a broader audience.\N\NThe paper is essentially an exploration of Ibn al-Zarqālluh's discovery. This refinement resulted in an adjustment to Ptolemy's lunar model and accounts for observed discrepancies in lunar eclipse timings over 37 years. The inequality under consideration has a maximum amplitude of 24' and a sinusoidal nature dependent on the Moon's position relative to the solar apogee. This discovery became a precursor to several subsequent similar findings by contributed by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler centuries later.