On the extendability to \(\mathbf{\Pi}_3^0\) ideals and Katětov order (Q6565565)

In this article, an ideal on a set \(X\) is a proper subset \(\mathcal{I}\) of the power set \(\mathcal{P}(X)\) of \(X\) such that, for all \(A,B\in\mathcal{I}\) and every \(C\in\mathcal{P}(X)\), if \(C\subseteq A\cup B\), then \(C\in\mathcal{I}\). For \(A\in\mathcal{P}(X)\), let \(\chi_A:X\to\{0,1\}\) be the indicator function of \(A\). Every ideal \(\mathcal{I}\) on an infinite set \(X\) is identified with the subset \(\{\chi_A: A\in\mathcal{I}\}\) of the Cantor cube \(2^X\). In particular, for a non-zero countable ordinal \(\alpha\), an ideal \(\mathcal{I}\) on the set \(\omega\) of all non-negative integers is a \(\Sigma_{\alpha}^0\) (respectively, \(\Pi_{\alpha}^0\)) ideal if the set \(\{\chi_A: A\in\mathcal{I}\}\) is in the class \(\Sigma_{\alpha}^0\) (respectively, \(\Pi_{\alpha}^0\)) of the Borel hierarchy in the Polish space \(2^{\omega}\).\N\NGiven ideals \(\mathcal{I}\) and \(\mathcal{J}\) on sets \(X\) and \(Y\), respectively, we write \(\mathcal{I}\leq_K\mathcal{J}\) and say that \(\mathcal{J}\) is above \(\mathcal{I}\) in the Katětov preorder if there is a function \(f:\bigcup\mathcal{J}\to\bigcup\mathcal{I}\) such that, for each \(A\in\mathcal{I}\), \(f^{-1}[A]\in\mathcal{J}\).\N\NFor \(A\subseteq X\times Y\) and \(x\in X\), \(A_x=\{y\in Y: (x,y)\in A\}\). The ideal \(\mathcal{I}\times\mathcal{J}=\{A\subseteq X\times Y: \{x\in X: A_x\notin\mathcal{J}\}\in\mathcal{I}\}\) on \(X\times Y\) is called the Fubini product of \(\mathcal{I}\) and \(\mathcal{J}\). The family of all finite subsets of \(X\) is denoted by \(\textrm{Fin}(X)\). The ideal \(\textrm{Fin}(\omega)\) on the set \(\omega\) is denoted by \(\textrm{Fin}\).\N\NIn [\textit{M. Hrušák}, Contemp. Math. 533, 29--69 (2011; Zbl 1239.03030)], Hrušák posed the following problem: is it true that if \(\mathcal{I}\) is a Borel ideal on \(\omega\), then either \(\textrm{Fin}\times\textrm{Fin}\leq_K\mathcal{I}\) or there exists a \(\Pi_3^0\) ideal \(\mathcal{J}\) on \(\omega\) with \(\mathcal{I}\subseteq\mathcal{J}\)? The problem was repeated, for instance, in [\textit{M. Hrušák} et al., Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 168, No. 11, 2022--2049 (2017; Zbl 1422.03101); \textit{C. Uzcátegui}, Rev. Integr. 37, No. 1, 167--198 (2019; Zbl 1529.03241)]. It can also be found in Meza-Alcántara's Ph. D. thesis (UNAM, Mexico 2009), which was supervised by Hrušák.\N\NIn this article, the authors give a solution to the problem by Hrušák mentioned above by proving that there exists a \(\Sigma_4^0\) ideal \(\mathcal{I}\) on \(\omega\) such that \(\mathcal{I}\) cannot be extended to any \(\Pi_3^0\) ideal on \(\omega\) and \(\mathcal{I}\) is not above \(\textrm{Fin}\times\textrm{Fin}\) in the Katětov order. Namely, the authors prove that the ideal \(\textrm{Fin}_3=((\textrm{Fin}\times\textrm{Fin})\times\{\emptyset\})\cap(\textrm{Fin}(\omega^2)\times\textrm{Fin})\) on \(\omega^3\) is \(\Sigma_4^0\), not above \(\textrm{Fin}\times\textrm{Fin}\) in the Katětov order and cannot be extended to any \(\Pi_3^0\) ideal on \(\omega^3\). Finally, the authors discuss the following question posed by the anonymous referee of their article: if a Borel ideal \(\mathcal{I}\) on \(\omega\) cannot be extended to a \(\Pi_3^0\) ideal on \(\omega\), is there a subset \(X\) of \(\omega\) such that \(X\notin\mathcal{I}\) and \(\textrm{Fin}\times\textrm{Fin}\leq_K\mathcal{I}\vert X\)?