New evaluations for a certain number-theoretic error term (Q6579277)

Let \(R_{(1, 1)}(n)\) be the coefficients of the Dirichlet series \(\zeta '(s) L'(s, \chi _{4})=\sum _{n= 1}^{\infty } R_{(1, 1)}(n) n^{- s}\) for \(\Re (s)> 1\), where \(\zeta(s)\) is the Riemann zeta function and \(L(s,\chi_4)\) is the Dirichlet \(L\)-function of the primitive Dirichlet character \(\chi\) modulo \(4\). In the paper under review, the authors investigative \(P_{(1)} (x)\), the error term in asymptotic analysis of the sum \(\sum _{n\le x} R_{(1, 1)}(n)\), given by\N\[\NP_{(1)} (x)=\sum _{n\le x} R_{(1, 1)}(n)-(a_2x\log x+a_1x+a_0),\N\]\Nwhere \(a_0,a_1,a_2\) are computable constants. The authors first give a representation of the Chowla-Walum type formula for \(P_{(1)}(x)\), from which they obtain for sufficiently large \(x\),\N\[\NP_{(1)} (x)\ll x^{\theta+\varepsilon},\N\]\Nwith \(\theta=517/1648\), improving the previously known bound \(\theta=1/3\) in [\textit{J. Furuya} et al., J. Aust. Math. Soc. 103, No. 2, 231--249 (2017; Zbl 1430.11132)], where the second moment of \(P_{(1)} (x)\) also computed, in order to support the conjecture that \(P_{(1)} (x)\ll x^{1/4+\varepsilon}\). In this direction, the authors in the present paper also give approximations to \(\int _{1}^{X} P_{(1)}^{k}(x) d x\) for \(k=3, 4\).