Berezin density and planar orthogonal polynomials (Q6582247)

In this paper, the authors consider a novel potential theoretic problem involving the Laplacian and the Berezin density associated with a polynomial Bergman kernel for exponentially varying weights in the plane. The Berezin density for the point at infinity has a particularly simple form which allows them to use this framework to characterize the planar orthogonal polynomials. In particular, the authors supply an independent proof of the main results of \textit{H. Hedenmalm} and \textit{N. Makarov} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 106, No. 4, 859--907 (2013; Zbl 1336.82010)] aimed at obtaining an asymptotic expansion of the associated polynomial Bergman density.\N\NThe method is reminiscent of the Riemann-Hilbert approach to orthogonal polynomials on the real line and is closely related to the \(\partial\)-approach introduced by Its-Takhtajan (see [\textit{L. A. Takhtajan}, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 49, Pt. 1, 581--596 (1989; Zbl 0689.30035)]), and developed further by \textit{H. Hedenmalm} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 77, No. 4, 2413--2451 (2024; Zbl 1542.35271)] who called it as a soft-Riemann-Hibert-problem.\N\NThe authors present the potential problem for the point at infinity in the second section. In the third section, they indicate how to modify the approach to analyze the Berizin density for the more general (off-spectral) points. At the same time, the authors also mention an interpretation of the Ward identity in terms of the potential for the Berezin density, and look at the zero set of the polynomial Bergman kernel and its motion under holomorphic variation of the second variable.\N\NThe proofs that the potential problems indeed characterize the Berezin densities are carried out in section 4. In section 5 the authors consider an approximate potential problem for the asymptotic analysis of the orthogonal polynomials. Moreover, in the following two sections, they supply an algorithm that obtains a formal solution in the sense of asymptotic expansions to the potential theoretic problem. The authors carry this out in detail in the instance of the Berezin density for the point at infinity, but they claim that any off-spectral point could be analyzed in an analogous fashion.\N\NTo make the formal solution rigorous, the authors estimate the size of the involved quantities in the asymptotic expansions and use a standard \(\overline{\partial}\)-surgery technique based on Hörmander estimates. This is carried out in the last two sections of the paper.\N\NFor the convenience of the reader, the authors also indicate the exact localization of some of the relevant results of their work.