Dual pairs in fluid dynamics (Q658363)

Two fundamental dual pairs of momentum mappings arising in fluid dynamics are described. The first dual pair is associated to the Euler equation of an ideal fluid, and the second one is associated to the \(n\)-dimensional Camassa-Holm (EPDiff) equation. It is shown that a careful definition of the momentum maps naturally leads to central extensions of diffeomorphism groups such as the group of quantomorphisms and Ismagilov's central extension. The concepts of weak dual pairs and dual pairs are defined in the case of infinite-dimensional manifolds, and criteria for the properties of weak dual pair and dual pair are given. A reformulation of the ideal fluid dual pair is provided and this allows to show the existence of non-equivariant momentum maps. The dual pair properties for the ideal fluid case are determined and it is proven that the pair of momentum maps associated to the EPDiff equation form a weak dual pair. Finally, a natural symplectic map that relates the Euler and EPDiff dual pair constructions is obtained.