Three real hypersurfaces some of whose geodesics are mapped to circles with the same curvature in a nonflat complex space form (Q658535)

Let \(\widetilde M_n\) be a complex \(n\)-dimensional nonflat complex space form of constant holomorphic sectional curvature \(c\). The main purpose of this paper is to study real hypersurfaces in the space \(\widetilde M_n\). The authors characterize all totally \(\eta\)-umbilic hypersurfaces \(M^{2n-1}\) satisfying the following property: some geodesics are circles of the same curvature in the ambient space \(\widetilde M_n\). A result is the following: Theorem. Let \(M\) be a real hypersurface of a nonflat complex space form \(\widetilde M_n\) \((n\geq 2)\). Then \(M\) is locally congruent to either a totally \(\eta\)-umbilic hypersurface or a ruled real hypersurface in the ambient space \(\widetilde M_n\) if and only if there exist a continuous function \(K\;(\geq 0)\) on \(M\) and orthonormal vectors \(v_1,v_2,\dots, f_{2n-2}\) orthogonal to \(\xi\) at each fixed point \(p\) of \(M\) satisfying the following two conditions: (i) all geodesics \(\gamma_i= \tau_i(s)\) on \(M\) with \(\gamma_i(0)= p\) and \(\dot\gamma_i(0)= v_i\) \((1\leq i\leq 2n-2)\) are circles of the same curvature \(K(p)\;(\geq 0)\) in \(\widetilde M_n\); (ii) All geodesics \(\gamma_{ij}= \gamma_{ij}(s)\) on \(M\) with \(\gamma_{ij}(0)= p\) and \(\dot\gamma_{ij}(0)= (v_i+ v_j)/\sqrt{2}\) \((1\leq i< j\leq 2n-2)\) are circles of the same curvature \(K(p)\;(\geq 0)\) in \(\widetilde M_n\). Here, the function \(K\;(\geq 0)\) is automatically locally constant on \(M\). If \(K\) is positive or zero, \(M\) is totally \(\eta\)-umbilical or ruled in \(\widetilde M_n\), respectively. Here, \(\xi\) is a characteristic vector. The real hypersurface \(M\) of \(\widetilde M_n\) is called totally \(\eta\)-umbilical if its shape operator \(A\) is of the form \(A=\alpha I+\beta\eta\otimes \xi\) for some functions \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) on \(M\). Finally, the authors formulate an open problem for real hypersurfaces of the type considered.