Countable discrete extensions of compact lines (Q6589439)

The authors consider a separable compact line \(K\) and its extension \(L\) consisting of \(K\) and countably many isolated points, the main object of this paper being the existence of a bounded extension operator \( E:C(K)\rightarrow C(L)\).\N\NWhen this bounded extension operator exists the authors prove that there is one extension \(E\) whose norm \(\left\Vert E\right\Vert \) is an odd natural number (see Theorems 5.3 and 5.7). In these theorems the authors, following [\textit{H. H. Corson} and \textit{J. Lindenstrauss}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 71, 542--545 (1965; Zbl 0132.09301)], denote by \(\eta (K,L)\) the infimum of the norms of all possible extension operators \(E:C(K)\rightarrow C(L)\) and \(\eta (K,L)=\infty \) means that there is no bounded extension operator. The conclusion of the mentioned theorems is that \(\eta (K,L)=3\). It is worth noticing that Theorem 5.3 is supported by a deep construction due to Marciszewski. In Theorem 5.7 the authors prove that a metrizable separable compact line \(K\) admits an extension \(L\) with \(\eta (K,L)=3.\)\N\NIn Theorem 6.2 they prove that there exists a zero-dimensional separable compact line \(K\) whose topological weight is greater than or equal to the least cardinality of a set \(X\subseteq \lbrack 0,1]\) that cannot be covered by a sequence of closed sets of measure zero, such that there is a countable discrete extension \(L\) of \(K\) admitting no bounded extension operator \( E:C(K)\rightarrow C(L)\) (see Theorem 6.2, where the conclusion is written saying that \(L\) does not have property \((\mathcal{E}),\) i.e. \(\eta (K,L)=\infty \)). The \(\sigma \)-ideal \(I\) of subsets of \(2^{\omega }\) that can be covered by a countable number of closed sets of measure zero is considered in [\textit{A. Avilés} et al., Adv. Math. 369, Article ID 107168, 30 p. (2020; Zbl 1445.46015)] and its cardinal coefficients are discussed in [\textit{T. Bartoszynski} and \textit{S. Shelah}, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 58, No. 2, 93--110 (1992; Zbl 0764.03018)].\N\NThe interesting results on separable compact lines obtained in this very nice and well written paper and several results on twisted sums in [Avilés et al., loc. cit.; \textit{C. Correa} and \textit{D. V. Tausk}, Fundam. Math. 245, No. 2, 149--165 (2019; Zbl 1472.06017); \textit{W. Marciszewski} and \textit{G. Plebanek}, J. Funct. Anal. 274, No. 5, 1491--1529 (2018; Zbl 1390.46016)] lead the authors to consider the following open problem: Is it relatively consistent that \(\eta (K, L)< \infty\) for every separable compact space \(K\) of weight \(\omega _{1}\) and a countable discrete extension \(L\)?