\(p^{\infty }\)-Selmer ranks of CM abelian varieties (Q6593643)

The main result of the present paper is given by \N\NTheorem. Suppose \(A/K\) is an abelian variety with complex multiplication by a field \(M\), and \(p\) a prime number. Then \(\mathrm{rk}_p(A)\) is even. \N\NHere the \(p^\infty\)-Selmer rank \(\mathrm{rk}_p(A)\) is defined by \N\[\N\mathrm{rk}_p(A) = \mathrm{rk}(A)+\delta_p,\N\]\Nwhere \(\delta_p\) is given by the dimension of the \(\mathbb Q_p\)-vector space \N\[\N\mathcal Y _p(A/K) = \mathrm{Hom}(\Sha_d[p^\infty],\mathbb Q _p / \mathbb Z _p)\otimes_{\mathbb Z_p} \mathbb Q_p,\N\]\Nthe (base-changed) Pontryagin dual of the (divisible part) of the \(p\)-primary Shafarevich-Tate group \(\Sha_d[p^\infty]\) of \(A/K\). \N\NRemark. The theorem would follow either from the conjectural finiteness of the Shafarevich-Tate group \(\Sha\) (i.e., it is actually expected that \(\delta_p = 0\)) or from the parity conjecture \N\[\N(-1)^{\mathrm{rk}_p(A/K)} = \omega(A/K),\N\]\Nwhere \(\omega(A/K)\) denotes the root number (coming from the functional equation of the \(L\)-function of \(A/K\)). \N\NThe theorem was known in the case of elliptic curves with CM by the works of \textit{T. Dokchitser} and \textit{V. Dokchitser} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 658, 39--64 (2011; Zbl 1314.11041)] and \textit{K. Česnavičius} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 719, 45--73 (2016; Zbl 1388.11032)], but the methods given there do not generalise to the case of abelian varieties.\N\NThe author's proof is very elegant and short. The main idea is to use the \(M \otimes_\mathbb Q \mathbb Q _p\)-module structure of \(\mathcal Y_p(A/K)\) (exploiting the CM structure of \(A/K\)), which leads to a decomposition \N\[\N\mathcal Y_p(A/K) = \bigoplus_{\mathfrak p \vert p } V_\mathfrak p,\N\]\Nwhere each \(V_\mathfrak p\) is a \(\mathbb Q_p\)-vector space. A series of lemmata, building on a theorem of \textit{J. S. Milne} [Arithmetic duality theorems. 2nd ed. Charleston, SC: BookSurge, LLC (2006; Zbl 1127.14001)] (Theorem 5), about self-isogenies of \(A/K\) is then used to show (Lemma 11) \N\[\N\mathrm{dim}_{\mathbb Q_p} V _{\mathfrak p} = \mathrm{dim}_{\mathbb Q_p} V _{\overline{\mathfrak p}},\N\]\Nwhere \(\overline{\mathfrak p}\) denotes the complex conjugate (corresponding to the Rosati involution) of \(\mathfrak p\). \N\NNow one can finish the proof of Theorem 1. For primes \(\mathfrak p\) which are inert or ramified in \(M/L\), where \(L\) denotes the fixed field of complex conjugation of \(M\), we know that \([M_\mathfrak p : \mathbb Q_p]\) is even and \([M_\mathfrak p : \mathbb Q_p]\) divides \(\mathrm{dim}_{\mathbb Q}(V_\mathfrak p)\). For primes \(\mathfrak p\) which are split in \(M/L\), we know \(\mathfrak p \neq \overline{\mathfrak p}\), and can therefore use Lemma 11 to conclude that \(\delta_p = \bigoplus_{\mathfrak p \vert p } \mathrm{dim}_{\mathbb Q _p }V_\mathfrak p \) is even.