Hyperplane sections and the subtlety of the Lefschetz properties (Q659900)

Let \(K\) be an infinite field and let \(R = K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) be the graded polynomial ring over \(K\). A standard graded artinian algebra \(A = R/I\) has the \textit{Strong Lefschetz Property (SLP)} if, for a general linear form \(\ell\), the multiplication \(\times \ell^d : A_i \rightarrow A_{i+d}\) has maximal rank for all choices of \(i\) and \(d\). It has the \textit{Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP)} if it has maximal rank for all \(i\) and for \(d=1\). These properties have been studied extensively, and connections have been found to many other topics; see the paper [\textit{J. Migliore} and \textit{U. Nagel}, ``A tour of the Weak and Strong Lefschetz Properties'', \url{arXiv:1109.5718}] by the second author and the reviewer for a broad overview. In particular, it is interesting to study how the behavior with respect to the WLP changes when small changes are made to \(A\). One way to do this, at least for monomial ideals, is to change the characteristic of \(K\), and several fascinating studies have been made for classes of such ideals. In this paper, a systematic study is begun of a different approach. Beginning with an artinian monomial ideal \(I\) for which \(R/I\) does not have the WLP, one can lift \(I\) to the ideal \(\bar I\) of a reduced set of points in projective space, and then take an artinian reduction (hyperplane section) of this new ideal, and test it for the WLP. The authors carry out this strategy for certain families of artinian monomial ideals known not to possess the WLP, and show that after lifting, the general artinian reduction does have the WLP. Of course other families of monomial ideals, or families of finite sets of points, will have different behavior with respect to the WLP of artinian reductions, but this paper provides one of the first studies of this interesting idea.