``Accoucheur of literature'': Joseph Banks and the Philosophical Transactions, 1778--1820 (Q6604562)

In this article, the influence of Joseph Banks, a prominent figure in 18th-century British scholarship, on the journal Philosophical Transactions during his 40-year tenure as president of the Royal Society is analyzed. The author provides a detailed account of how Banks gained significant control over the journal and determined which works would be recognized as valuable. Despite the journal's guidelines intended to prevent any single individual from wielding such authority, Banks managed to circumvent these rules. Additionally, social relationships and personal status often played a significant role in deciding which papers to publish.\N\NDuring Banks' tenure as president, the acceptance of articles into the journal often depended on the authors' connections within the Royal Society and Banks' social circle. Blagden, who played a role in coordinating publications within the Philosophical Transactions and had close relations with Banks, influenced the publication of submitted manuscripts both during his official position and afterward, despite lacking the necessary qualifications. The author argues that scientists sought to publish their work through these social networks, making social connections as crucial as scientific merit. He provides examples of prominent scientists who chose this route. Additionally, he mentions that certain scientists were granted privileged access due to their scientific reputation, which at times led to the publication of unoriginal work.\N\NThe article also highlights the competition the Philosophical Transactions faced from the growing number of commercial science journals in the UK and Europe. These journals published more rapidly and covered a broader range of scientific topics, challenging the dominance of the Royal Society. In response, Banks adopted a cautious approach, striving to protect the Royal Society's reputation while promoting the rapid dissemination of scientific discoveries.\N\NThe article provides an in-depth examination of Joseph Banks' influence on scientific publishing. It highlights how Banks' personal authority and actions shaped scientific discourse, making an important contribution to the history of science. Additionally, it sheds light on ongoing debates about access, bias, and prestige in modern scientific publishing.