The growth order of the optimal constants in Turán-Erőd type inequalities in \(L^q(K, \mu)\) (Q6616865)

The authors obtain interesting Tután-type inequalities for polynomials with zeroes lying in predefined compact sets of the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). In [Compos. Math. 7, 89--95 (1939; Zbl 0021.39504)], \textit{P.~Turán} showed that if a polynomial \(p\) of degree \(n\) has all its zeros in a domain \(D\), then the minimum of \N\[\N\frac{\max_{z\in\overline{D}}\left|p'\left(z\right)\right|}{\max_{z\in\overline{D}}\left|p\left(z\right)\right|}\N\]\Nis of order \(n/2\) for large \(n\) provided \(D\) is the unit disk in the complex plane, and is \(\ge\sqrt{n}/6\) if \(D=\left(-1,1\right)\). \par Since 1939, this problem was studied by many Mathematicians. The article contains a good introduction and references to many results in this area. The authors present quite a general version of the Turán's inequality in \(L^q\) metric with \(q\in\left(0,\infty\right]\). Let us cite a few definitions and the main result of the article. \par For a compact set \(K\) of the complex plane, the diameter of \(K\) is \N\[\Nd\left(K\right):=\max_{z,z'\in K}\left|z-z'\right|.\N\]\NThe width of \(K\) is defined by \N\[\Nw\left(K\right)=\min_{\gamma\in\left[-\pi,\pi\right]}\max_{z,z'\in K}\left(\Re\left(ze^{i\gamma}\right)-\Re\left(z'e^{i\gamma}\right)\right).\N\]\NGeometrically, \(w\left(K\right)\) is equal to the smallest distance between two parallel lines the compact \(K\) lies between.\N\NFurthermore, let \(\mathcal{P}_n\left(K\right)\) denote the set of all algebraic polynomials with complex coefficients of degree exactly \(n\), such that all their zeros lie in \(K\). Let also \(\mu\) be a finite Borel measure on \(K\). For a polymomial \(p\) with complex coefficients and \(0<q<\infty\), \N\[\N\left\|p\right\|_q:=\left\|p\right\|_{L^q\left(K,\mu\right)}:=\left(\int_K\left|p\left(z\right)\right|^q\mu\left(dz\right)\right)^{1/q}.\N\]\NFor \(q=\infty\), \N\[\N\left\|p\right\|_\infty:=\left\|p\right\|_{L^\infty\left(K,\mu\right)}:=\lim_{q\to\infty}\left\|p\right\|_q=\sup_{z\in\mathop{\mathrm{supp}}\mu}\left|p\left(z\right)\right|. \N\]\NThe following quantity is the main interest of the article: \N\[\NM_{n,q}\left(K,\mu\right):=\inf_{p\in\mathcal{P}_n\left(K\right),\,\left\|p\right\|_q\ne 0}\frac{\left\|p'\right\|_q}{\left\|p\right\|_q}.\N\]\NFor our compact \(K\), take points \(A,B\in K\) such that \(\left|B-A\right|=d\left(K\right)\). Now, \(K_\delta\) denotes the subset of \(K\) enclosed between two parallel lines orthogonal to the segment \(\left[A,B\right]\) and located at the distance \(\delta d\left(K\right)/2\) from the midpoint \(\left(A+B\right)/2\) of the segment. In other words, \N\[\NK_\delta:=K_\delta\left(A,B\right):=\left\{z\in K:\,\Re\left(\left(z-\frac{A+B}{2}\right)e^{-i\arg\left(B-A\right)}\right)\in\left[-\frac{\delta d}{2},\frac{\delta d}{2}\right]\right\}.\N\]\NThe following theorem is the main result of the article: \N\N``{Theorem~1.} Let \(K\) be a compact subset of \(\mathbb{C}\) with width \(w>0\) and diameter \(d\). Suppose that a finite non-negative measure \(\mu\) is given on \(K\) with the following property. There exists a pair of points \(A,B\in K\) with \(\left|A-B\right|=d\) and there are \(\theta\in\left(0,1\right)\) and \(\delta\in\left(0,1\right)\) such that \N\[\N\mu\left(K_\delta\left(A,B\right)\right)\ge\theta\mu\left(K\right).\N\]\NThen for any \(0<q\le\infty\) and\N\[\Nn\ge 2\left(1+1/q\right)\frac{d^2}{w^2}\ln\frac{d}{w}\N\]\Nwe have \N\[\NM_{n,q}\left(K,\mu\right)\le C_q\left(\delta,\theta\right)\frac{w}{d^2}n,\quad\text{where}\quad C_q\left(\delta,\theta\right):=\frac{121}{1-\delta}\left(1+\frac{2}{\theta}\right)^{1/q}.''\N\]\NAs corollaries, authors give special estimates for \(M_{n,q}\left(K,\mu\right)\) in cases when \(\mu\) is the linear Lebesgue measure on the boundary of \(K\), and two-dimensional (area) Lebesgue measure on \(K\). \N\NThe article contains a very interesting problem, well-described history of the problem, detailed proofs and open problems. It should be very interesting for specialists in Approximation Theory and Complex Analysis.