Euler class of taut foliations and Dehn filling (Q6628899)

The author studies Euler classes of oriented codimension-\(1\) foliations on Dehn fillings of (\(3\)-dimensional) \(\mathbb{Q}\)-homology solid tori, especially whether these Euler classes vanish or not.\N\NFor an oriented codimension-\(1\) foliation \(\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\) on a \(3\)-manifold \(M\), the tangent plane field \(T\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\) is an oriented \(2\)-dimensional vector bundle over \(M\), and its Euler class is a cohomology class \(e(T\widehat{\mathcal{F}})\in H^2(M)\). If \(\partial M\) is a union of tori that transverses with \(\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\), for a nowhere vanishing outward vector field \(\sigma\) on \(\partial M\) that is also tangent to \(T\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\), we have a relative Euler class \(e_{\sigma}(T\widehat{\mathcal{F}})\in H^2(M,\partial M)\).\N\NLet \(X\) be a (\(3\)-dimensional) \(\mathbb{Q}\)-homology solid torus, let \(F\subset X\) be a properly embeded subsurface that represents a generator of \(H_2(X,\partial X)\cong \mathbb{Z}\), and let \(\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\) be an oriented codimension-\(1\) foliation on a Dehn filling \(X(p/q)\) of \(X\) that transverses with the core of Dehn filling. In Theorem 1.4, Theorem 3.4 and Remark 3.5, the author gives a criterion on whether \(e(T\widehat{\mathcal{F}})=0\) holds, in terms of \(e(T\mathcal{F})\in H^2(X)\), \(e_{\sigma}(T\mathcal{F})([F])\in \mathbb{Z}\), and the Dehn-filling coefficient \(p/q\in \mathbb{Q}\). Here \(\mathcal{F}\) denotes the restriction of the foliation \(\widehat{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(X\).\N\NThe author gives two applications of this criterion.\N\NIn Theorem 1.7, the author studies which taut foliations in Dehn filling spaces constructed in the following two papers have zero Euler classes: \textit{R. Roberts}'s work [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 83, No. 2, 443--471 (2001; Zbl 1034.57018)], and \textit{S. Krishna}'s work [J. Topol. 13, No. 3, 1003--1033 (2020; Zbl 1457.57020)]. As a result of Thurston's universal circle, if such a \(3\)-manifold admits a taut foliations with zero Euler classes, then it has left orderable fundamental group.\N\NLet \(X\) be a \(\mathbb{Q}\)-homology solid torus, let \(\mu\) be a meridian slope of \(X\), and let \(S_{X,\mu}\) be the subset of \(\mathbb{Q}\cup \{\infty\}=\mathbb{R}P^1\) such that \(p/q\in S_{X,\mu}\) if there is a taut foliation on \(X(p/q)\) that transverses with the core of Dehn filling and has zero Euler class. In Theorem 1.12 and Theorem 5.2, the author proves that \(S_{X,\mu}\) is nowhere dense in \(\mathbb{R}P^1\), and any \(p/q\in S_{X,\mu}\) with large absolute value \(|p/q|\) must be an integer of \(\infty\).