On the degrees of irreducible characters fixed by some field automorphism in finite groups (Q6663901)

Let \(G\) be a finite group and \(p\) be a prime. The Ito-Michler Theorem says that if \(p\) does not divide the degree of any irreducible character of \(G\), then a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(G\) is normal in \(G\).\N\NThe author, in a previous paper [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 151, No. 10, 4143--4151 (2023; Zbl 1529.20009)] proved that if \(G\) is a \(p\)-solvable group, \(\sigma \in \mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}_{|G|}/\mathbb{Q})\) is of order \(p\), and \(p\) does not divide the degree of any irreducible character of \(G\) fixed by \(\sigma\), then \(G\) has a normal Sylow \(p\)-subgroup. The hypothesis on \(p\)-solvability is essential, since it is possible to find simple groups, of order divisible by a prime \(p\), where \(p\) does not divide the degree of any \(\sigma\)-invariant irreducible character of the group, for some Galois automorphism \(\sigma\) of order \(p\) (e.g. \(G=\mathrm{PSL}_{2}(8)\) for \(p=3\)).\N\NIn the paper under review, the author proves that it is still possible to extend the results of [loc. cit.] to nonsolvable groups, and the hypothesis on \(\sigma\)-invariant character degrees imposes severe restrictions to the group normal structure also in the non-solvable case. Furthermore he proves that, if \(p=2\), then the main result of [loc. cit.] holds without assumptions on the group solvability. This nice result may be compared with [\textit{S. Dolfi} et al., Math. Z. 259, No. 4, 755--774 (2008; Zbl 1149.20006)], and it underlines the relation between rational characters of odd degree and rational (or real) elements of odd order (see also [\textit{P. H. Tiep} and \textit{P. H. Tong-Viet}, Acta Math. Vietnam. 47, No. 1, 293--304 (2022; Zbl 1510.20014)] and the paper by the author [J. Algebra 654, 59--69 (2024; Zbl 1542.20053)]).