Asymptotic stability and generalized Gelfand spectral radius formula (Q676014)

Let \(\Sigma\subset \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) be a bounded set. Denote by \(\Sigma^m\) the set of all products of \(m\) matrices from \(\Sigma\) and by \(\Sigma'\) -- the semigroup, generated by \(\Sigma\). The set \(\Sigma\) is said to be asymptotically stable if there is a constant \(\alpha\in (0,1)\), such that there are bounded neighbourhoods \(U,V\subset \mathbb{C}^n\) of the origin for which \(AV\subset\alpha^mU\) for all \(A\in \Sigma^m\), \(m=1,2,\dots\) (i.e. if there exists a norm \(|\cdot|\) in \(\mathbb{C}^n\) such that \(|A|\leq \alpha<1\) for all \(A\in\Sigma\)). It is shown that the asymptotic stability of \(\Sigma\) is equivalent to any of the following three conditions: (i) \(\widehat{\rho}(\Sigma)= \limsup_{m\to\infty} (\sup_{A\in\Sigma^m} |A|)^{1/m}<1\), (ii) \(\rho(\Sigma)= \limsup_{m\to\infty} (\sup_{A\in\Sigma^m} \rho(A))^{1/m}<1\), (iii) there exists \(\alpha>0\), such that \(\rho(A)\leq \alpha<1\) for all \(A\in\Sigma'\), where \(\rho(A)\) is the spectral radius of \(A\). The generalized Gelfand spectral radius formula \(\rho(\Sigma)= \widehat{\rho}(\Sigma)\) follows immediately from the above results.