Polynomial interpolation in \(\mathbb R^2\) and on the unit sphere in \(\mathbb R^3\) (Q681562)

For \(E \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) let \(\mathcal P_d(E)\) denote the linear space of all polynomials of total degree at most \(d\) on \(E\), and \(A=\{a_1,a_2,\dots,a_{m_d}\}\subset E\) a unisolvent set for \(\mathcal P_d(E)\). Then, for every function \(f\) defined on \(A\), there exists a unique \(P\in \mathcal P_d(E)\) such that \(P(a_i)=f(a_i)\), \(i=1,2,\dots,m_d\), (\(P\) is called the Lagrange interpolation polynomial of \(f\) on \(A\)). The author considers and solves the following problem: Problem 1. Let \(\{a_1,a_2,\dots,a_{m}\}\) be \(m\) distinct points in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) and \(\nu_1,\nu_2,\dots,\nu_m\in\mathbb{N}\) s.t. \(\nu_1+\nu_2+\dots+\nu_m=m_d\) (\(={\dim}\mathcal P_d\left(\mathbb{R}^2\right)\)). Find a homogeneous differential operator \(D_{jk}\) with \(1\leq j \leq m\), \(0\leq k\leq \nu_j-1\), such that for any sufficiently smooth function \(g\) defined on neighborhoods of \(a_j\), there exists a unique \(P\in \mathcal P_d(E)\) such that \(D_{jk}(P)(a_{ij})= D_{jk}(g)(a_{ij})\) for \(1\leq j \leq m\), \(0\leq k\leq \nu_j-1\). One obtains a new Hermite interpolation scheme and one proves that the Hermite projectors in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) are the limits of Lagrange projectors at Bos configurations distributed on lines and circles in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) (see [\textit{L. Bos}, J. Approx. Theory 64, No. 3, 271--280 (1991; Zbl 0737.41002)]) with the interpolation points coalesce to \(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_{m}\). One also proves that the Lagrange projectors on the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}\subset \mathbb{R}^3\) converge to the Hermite projectors when the interpolation set (of a special form) coalesce.