More on \(\mathcal{T}\)-closed sets (Q6857463)

This paper investigates selected properties of the Jones set function \(T\), the diagonal \(\Delta_X\) of the square of a continuum \(X\), and the relations between them. Several new and noteworthy results are established. \par The authors prove the equivalence of three conditions concerning the diagonal \(\Delta_X\subset X^2\): being a non-block subcontinuum, being a shore subcontinuum, and not being a strong center of \(X^2\). As a consequence, they provide negative answers to several previously posed questions in the literature. \par Further, the paper develops a characterization of \(T\)-closed sets. In particular, it describes the structure of \(T\)-closed subcontinua in the square of the pseudo-arc and shows that the family of \(T\)-closed sets in the product of two continua is compact if and only if the product is locally connected. \par An additional result gives a characterization of the arc within the class of chainable continua: for such a continuum \(X\), the diagonal \(\Delta_X\) is a \(T\)-closed subcontinuum of \(X^2\) if and only if \(X\) is an arc. \par Moreover, for continua with the Kelley property, several conditions on \(\Delta_X\) are shown to be equivalent, including properties related to \(T\)-closedness of the diagonal and various forms of (continuumwise) connectedness of its complement.\N\NIn the final part of the paper, the authors construct models describing the families of \(T\)-closed sets and \(T\)-closed subcontinua across a range of important classes of continua.