Normality conditions in the Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(\operatorname{Sym}(p^n)\) and its associated Lie algebra (Q6858739)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime and let \(W_n=\wr_{i=1}^n \mathbb{F}_p\) be the Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(\mathrm{Sym}(p^n)\). The paper introduces, for the monomial generators \(x^\Lambda\Delta_k\) of the base subgroups \(B_k\leq W_n\), a \(p\)-degree \(\mathrm{pdeg}(x^\Lambda\Delta_k)\) and uses it to describe commutators and to control saturated subgroups. Using this framework, the authors compute the terms of the lower central series \(\gamma_i(W_n)\) inside each base subgroup and prove that the upper and lower central series of \(W_n\) coincide.\N\NThe structure of normal subgroups is then analyzed: if \(N\lhd W_n\) is contained in the last \(n-k\) base subgroups but not in the last \(n-k-1\), then \(N\) contains \(\gamma_{p^{k-1}+1}(W_n)\) and the index \(|N:\gamma_{p^{k-1}+1}(W_n)|\) is bounded in terms of \(p\) and \(k\) only. The paper also considers the graded Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{L}_n\) associated to the lower central series, defines a map \(\varphi:W_n\to\mathfrak{L}_n\) relating commutators in \(W_n\) to Lie brackets and connects saturated normal subgroups of \(W_n\) with homogeneous ideals of \(\mathfrak{L}_n\).