Rational approximation with chosen numerators (Q6881053)

This paper is concerned with the problem of approximating reals \(x\) by rationals \(a/q\), with the additional requirement that the approximation denominators are restricted to the set of primes. More precisely, the authors study problems such as whether for a given \(c>0\) the inequality \N\[\N\left| x - \frac{a}{p} \right| \leq \frac{c}{p}\N\]\Nhas finitely or infinitely many solutions \((a,p)\), where \(p\) is prime. For this particular problem, they prove that for Lebesgue-almost all \(x\) the answer is positive, and provide an asymptotic order for the number of solutions. Other results in the paper concern Hausdorff dimensions, and results when \(a = a(p)\) are chosen in a specific way such as \(a = \lfloor p^2 \alpha \rfloor\) mod \(p\) for some suitable \(\alpha\).