Poissonian pair correlation of linear generalized monomials over primes (Q6928068)

In the present article the Poissonian pair correlation (PPC) of the sequence \((\lfloor p\alpha\rfloor)_{p}\) generated by the generalized polynomial \((\lfloor \alpha X\rfloor),\) where \(p\) runs over the sequence of primes and \(\alpha\) is an irrational number is considered. It is shown that for any irrational \(\alpha \in (1,2)\) of finite type, the sequence \((\lfloor p\alpha\rfloor)_{p}\) is not metric Poissonian. This is done by considering an additive problem similar to the even Goldbach conjecture. Also, upper and lower bounds for the additive energy of the sequence \((\lfloor p\alpha\rfloor)_{p}\) are given.\N\NIn the Introduction of the article, for an arbitrary sequence \(\mathcal{A}= (x_n)_n\) of real numbers, an integer \(N \in \mathbb{N},\) a real \(\beta \in [0,1]\) and \(s > 0,\) the notion of pair correlation function \(F(\mathcal{A}, \beta, s, N)\) of the dilated sequence \(\beta\mathcal{A}\) is defined. The notion that the sequence \(\beta \mathcal{A}\) has PPC is reminded. The PPC proberty is viewed as a second order equidistribution property. In Definition 1 it is reminded the notion that a sequence to be metric Poissonian. The relationship between the notions that a sequence has PPC and to be uniformly distributed modulo 1 are discussed. The concept of generalized polynomials is introduced and some examples are derived.\N\NIn this paper the sequence \(\mathcal{P}_\alpha = \{ \lfloor p \alpha \rfloor: p \in \mathcal{P}\},\) where \(\mathcal{P}\) denotes the set of all primes, generated by the generalized polynomial \(\lfloor \alpha X\rfloor\) over primes, is considered. In Definition 2 the notion that a real number \(\alpha\) is of finite type \(t\) is reminded.\N\NTheorem 1 is the main result of the article. It confirms the following: Let \(\alpha \in (1,2)\) be an irrational number of type \(t.\) Then the sequence \(\mathcal{P}_\alpha\) is not metric Poissonian. Thus, this theorem shows that for any irrational \(\alpha \in (1,2)\) of finite type \(t,\) the set of all reals \(\beta \in [0,1],\) for which the sequence \((\lfloor p \alpha \rfloor\beta)_p\) does not have PPC, has a positive Lebesgue measure.\N\NThe notion of an additive energy \(E(A)\) of finite set \(A \subset \mathbb{N}\) is defined.\N\NIn Theorem 2, under the condition that \(\alpha \in (1,2)\) is an irrational number of type \(t\) and \(\mathcal{A} = \mathcal{P}_\alpha,\) upper and lower bounds for the additive energy \(E(\mathcal{A}_N)\) of the set \(\mathcal{A}_N\) (\(\mathcal{A}_N\) is the set that contains the first \(N\) elements of the sequence \(\mathcal{A}\)) are presented. The asymptotic behaviour \(\frac{N^3}{ \log N}\) of \(E(\mathcal{A}_N)\) is obtained.\N\NIn Section 2 the main ingredients for the proofs of the results of the article are developed. These ingredients are analogously to the Goldbach-like problem for the set \(\mathcal{P}_\alpha.\) For any \(X \geq 2\) and natural number \(N \leq X\) the function \(\mathcal{G}(N) = \mathcal{G}(\alpha, N)\) is defined. In Theorem 3 \(\alpha > 1\) is an irrational number of type \(t.\) The equality, which satisfies the function \(\mathcal{G}(\alpha, N),\) is presented.\N\NIn Section 3 the proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are developed. In this base, also the proof of Theorem 1 is given.\N\NIn Section 4 it is developed the proof of Theorem 3. This proof is based on using several preliminary results, presented as 6 lemmas.