On exact systems \(\{ t^\alpha \cdot e^{2 \pi i n t} \}_{n \in \mathbb{Z} \backslash A}\) in \(L^2(0,1)\) which are weighted lower semi frames but not Schauder bases, and their generalizations (Q6932283)

The paper studies weighted exponential systems of the form\N\[\N\{ t^{\alpha} e^{2\pi i n t} \}_{n \in \mathbb{Z} \setminus A}\N\]\Nin \(L^2(0,1)\), where \(A \subset \mathbb{Z}\) has cardinality \(M\). The main result establishes that such systems are exact (complete and minimal) if and only if\N\[\NM - \tfrac{1}{2} \leq \alpha < M + \tfrac{1}{2}.\N\]\NThis generalizes a theorem of \textit{G. J. Yoon} and \textit{C. Heil} [Acta Appl. Math. 119, No. 1, 97--112 (2012; Zbl 1261.42056)], previously proved for integer values of \(\alpha\), to all positive real \(\alpha\). The author shows that although these systems are exact, they fail to be Schauder bases or Riesz bases, thus separating exactness from basis properties. The proofs rely on the invertibility of Vandermonde matrices and include examples illustrating the parameter ranges for completeness and minimality. Further, the work connects these findings to frame theory, showing that while the weighted systems lack reproducing partners, they form weighted lower semi frames. These results enrich the theory of exact systems and contribute to the understanding of non-basis function families in harmonic analysis.