Some new bistable transition fronts with changing shape (Q6943726)

In this paper, the authors consider the entire solutions of the classical reaction-diffusion equation\N\[\N\partial_t u-\Delta u=f(u), \quad \mbox{in} \ \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^N, \tag{1}\N\]\Nwhere \(N\ge 2\), \(0\le u\le 1\), \(f(u)\) is a bistable nonlinearity and satisfies \(\int_0^1f(u)du>0\). It is well known that the planar traveling fronts and non-planar traveling fronts of \((1)\) have already studied by Fife and McLeod, and Hamel, Monneau and Roquejoffre, respectively. However, there are plenty of entire solutions other than traveling fronts.\N\NIn 2016, \textit{F. Hamel} [Adv. Math. 289, 279--344 (2016; Zbl 1348.35111)] constructed an entire solution with varying level sets in dimension \(N = 2\), which can also be viewed as solution in dimensions \(N \ge 3\) by a trivial extension. This entire solution is constructed by rotating the \(V\)-shaped front such that one ray of the level set is horizontal and then attaching the reflected \(V\)-shaped front to it. This entire solution is axially symmetric and propagates as three planar fronts in three directions.\N\NIn this paper, by combining Hamel's idea of mixing planar fronts with the construction of V-shaped fronts and pyramidal fronts and utilizing the asymptotic one-dimensional symmetry of these solutions, the authors construct some new entire solutions of bistable reaction-diffusion equations by mixing finite planar fronts, which form a finite-dimensional manifold. These entire solutions are generalized traveling fronts, i.e., transition fronts. They also show the uniqueness and stability of these entire solutions. Furthermore, they prove that transition fronts with level sets having finite facets are determined by finite planar fronts and they are in the class of entire solutions constructed by the authors.