From asymmetric simple exclusion processes with open boundaries to stationary measures of open KPZ fixed point: the shock region (Q6966533)

The authors consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process on an interval with open boundaries (open ASEP) with the rate \(q\in[0,1)\) of left-jumps and boundary parameters \(A,C\geq 0\) and \(-1<B,D\leq 0\). The phase diagram of the open ASEP consists of (a) the maximal current phase \(A,C<1\), (b) the high density phase \(A>1\), \(A>C\) and (c) the low density phase \(C>1\), \(C>A\). One also distinguishes the fan (\(AC<1\)) and the shock (\(AC>1\)) regions in the phase diagram.\N\NWhile keeping \(q\) fixed and letting the other parameters depend on the length \(n\) of the interval, the authors prove under the assumptions that \((A_n,C_n)\to (1,1)\) (the point of the intersection of the three phases) with \(\sqrt{n}(1-A_n)\to a\) and \(\sqrt{n}(1-C_n)\to c\) (and assuming \(B_n\) and \(D_n\) converging to some constants in \((-1,0]\)) that in the shock region \(a+c<0\), the rescaled centered height function for the stationary process converges in distribution to a stochastic process introduced by \textit{G. Barraquand} and \textit{P. Le Doussal} [``Steady state of the KPZ equation on an interval and Liouville quantum mechanics'', Europhys. Lett. 137, No. 6, Article ID 61003 (2022)]. The corresponding result in the fan region \(a+c>0\) and when \(a+c=0\) was obtained in [\textit{W. Bryc} et al., Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Probab. Stat. 59, No. 4, 2257--2284 (2023; Zbl 1546.60175)]. In the case of the open TASEP (\(q=0\)), the result was established in [\textit{W. Bryc} and \textit{P. Zatitskii}, Electron. J. Probab. 29, Paper No. 199, 24 p. (2024; Zbl 1558.60148)].\N\NThe main technique in the proof is an integral representation of the joint generating function of the stationary measure of the open ASEP developed in [\textit{W. Bryc} and \textit{J. Wesołowski}, J. Stat. Phys. 167, No. 2, 383--415 (2017; Zbl 1376.82055)] for the fan region and extended to the shock region in [\textit{Y. Wang} et al., Int. Math. Res. Not. 2024, No. 15, 11104--11134 (2024; Zbl 1573.60251)]. The analysis in the shock region is more delicate than in the fan region; in particular, the derivation of the duality formula is not done by a direct calculation, but rather crucially relies on recent developments in [Zbl 1558.60148].