The KPZ limit of ASEP with boundary (Q1720193)

In the recent years, many studies about interacting particle systems in one spatial dimension have been done. One type of such processes is the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) where particles jump independently (left, right) at exponential rates drifting in one direction and other particles act as a deterrent. ASEP belongs to the KPZ universality class referring to the long-time behavior of the model: temporal fluctuations follow the $t^{1/3}$ rule and the distributions are described by the Tracy-Widom GUE/GOE/GSE distributions. It has been proved that the height functions for ASEP with sources and sinks converges to the Hopf-Cole solution of the KPZ equation when the positive values for the Neumann boundary condition are taken into account. However, the author of this paper develop more extensive heat-kernel estimates and is able to clarify and extend the so far existing results even to the negative values of the Neumann boundary parameters. Moreover, the author was able to generalize existing results to the empty initial data, to obtain the Laplace transform of the one-point distribution for half-line KPZ, and to confirm the $t^{1/3}$-scale GOE Tracy-Widom long-time fluctuations. The whole paper consists of six sections. Preliminaries are given in Section 1. The next section is a definition of the model. Then we have (Section 3) a detailed study about kernel estimates: it gives all necessary technical estimates that are used in the next section. Section 4 defines and gives the solution to the KPZ equation. Section 5 proves Theorem 1.4. The last section focuses on the extension of the so far obtained results to empty initial data.