Tetragonal modular quotients \(X_0^{+ d}(N)\) (Q6979232)

Let \(C\) be a smooth projective curve over a field \(k\). The \(k\)-gonality of \(C\), denoted by \(\mathrm{gon}_kC\), is the least degree of a non-constant \(k\)-rational morphism \(f : C \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1\). By [\textit{B. Poonen}, Math. Res. Lett. 14, No. 4, 691--701 (2007; Zbl 1138.14016)], for every curve of genus \(g \geq 2\) there exists an upper bound for \(\mathrm{gon}_kC\) that is linear in terms of the genus.\N\NLet \(N\) be a positive integer. For every \(d\mid N\) such that \(\gcd(d, N/d) = 1\) there exists an Atkin-Lehner involution \(w_d\) of the modular curve \(X_0(N)\). In this paper, the gonality of curves \(X_0^{+d}(N) = X_0(N)/w_d\), where \(d \neq N\), is studied. More precisely, it is proved that the curve \(X_0^{+d}(N)\) is of genus 4 and has \(\mathbb{Q}\)-gonality equal to 3 if and only if \((N,d)\) is one of the following pairs: \N\[\N(66, 33), (74, 37), (84, 84), (86, 43), (88, 88), (93, 93), \] \[(108, 4), (112, 7), (115, 115), (116, 116), (129, 129), (135, 135),\N\]\N\[\N(137, 137), (147, 147), (155, 155), (159, 159), (215, 215).\N\]\NFurthermore, all pairs \((N,d)\) are determined such that the curve \(X_0^{+d}(N)\) has \(\mathbb{Q}\)-gonality equals to 4. In all cases when the genus of the curve \(X_0^{+d}(N)\) is not 4, the \(\mathbb{C}\)-gonality is also equal to 4. Moreover, for \(N = 243, 271\), the curve \(X_0^{+}(N)\) is tetragonal over \(\mathbb{C}\), but not over \(\mathbb{Q}\). For the proofs of these results, similar methods to the ones used in [\textit{P. Orlić}, Acta Arith. 217, No. 3, 261--275 (2025; Zbl 1564.14073)] to determine the tetragonal curves \(X_0^+(N)\) are used. Several results in this paper rely on Magma computations.