Stability and instability of solitary-wave solutions for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (Q6979249)

For the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation\N\[\Nu_{tt}-\Delta u + u=|u|^{p-1} u, \quad (t,x)\in \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^d\N\]\Nthere exist solitary-wave solutions of the form \(e^{\,i\omega t}\phi_{\omega, \vec{c}}(x-\vec{c} t)\). In the present paper the problem of their stability/instability for \(\omega<\sqrt{1-|\vec{c}|^2}\), \(|\vec{c}|<1\) is considered. It is shown that there exists a critical value \(\omega_*(|\vec{c}|)\) such that the solitary wave is dynamically stable when \(1<p<1+4/d\) and \(|\omega|>\omega_*(|\vec{c}|)\) and dynamically unstable when \(1<p<1+\frac{4}d\) and \(0<|\omega|\leq \omega_*(|\vec{c}|)\) or \(1+\frac{4}d\leq p< 1+\frac{4}{d-2}\) when \(d\geq 3\) or \(1+\frac{4}d\leq p<\infty\) when \(d=1,2\). In the non critical case \(\omega\neq \omega_*(|\vec{c}|)\) the proof is based on applying the framework of Grillakis, Shatah and Strauss. In the critical case suitable combination of localized virial identities is used to reach contradiction.