Oscillation criteria for general third-order delay dynamic equations (Q6984241)

The purpose of the paper is to obtain sufficient conditions to guarantee the oscillation of all solutions of general third-order nonlinear delay dynamic equations of the form\N\[\N (r_2(t)[(r_1(t)(y^{\Delta}(t))^{\alpha_1})^{\Delta}]^{\alpha_2})^{\Delta}+q(t)y^{\beta}(\tau(t))=0,\qquad t\in[t_0,\infty)_{\mathbb T}\tag{1}\N\]\Non a time scale \(\mathbb T\), where \(t_0\in\mathbb T\) and\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(i)] \(\alpha_1\), \(\alpha_2\) and \(\beta\) are quotients of positive odd integers;\N\item[(ii)] \(r_1,r_2,q\in\mathrm{C}_{rd}([t_0,\infty)_{\mathbb T},{\mathbb R}_+)\) with \(q(t)\not\equiv0\) and\N\[\N \int_{t_0}^{\infty}\frac{\Delta s}{r^{1/\alpha_k}_k(s)}=\infty\qquad(k=1,2).\tag{2}\N\]\N\item[(iii)] \(\tau\in\mathrm{C}^1_{rd}([t_0,\infty)_{\mathbb T},{\mathbb R}_+)\) with \(\tau(t)\leq t\), \(\tau^{\Delta}(t)\leq0\) and\N\[\N\lim_{t\to\infty}\tau(t)=\infty.\N\]\N\end{itemize}\N\NIn [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 181, No. 1, 92--102 (2005; Zbl 1075.39010)], \textit{L. Erbe} et al. initiated the study of third-order dynamic equation similar to that \((1)\) of the form\N\[\N (r_2[(r_1y^{\Delta})^{\Delta}])^{\Delta}+qf(y)=0,\qquad t\in[t_0,\infty)_{\mathbb T},\tag{3}\N\]\Nwhere \(f(u)/u\geq K>0\) for \(u\ne0\). Using the Riccati transformation technique, they established that every solution \(y\) of \((3)\) either oscillates or converges to a finite limit.\N\NIn [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 225, No. 2, 531--540 (2009; Zbl 1165.34029)], \textit{Z.-H. Yu} and \textit{Q.-R. Wang} studied the third-order dynamic equations of the form\N\[\N\left(\frac{1}{r_2}\left[\left(\frac{1}{r_1}\left(y^{\Delta}\right)^{\alpha_1}\right)^{\Delta}\right]^{\alpha_2}\right)^{\Delta}+qf(y)=0,\qquad t\in[t_0,\infty)_{\mathbb T},\tag{4} \N\]\Nwhere \(f(u)/u\geq K>0\) for \(u\ne0\). Using the Riccati transformation technique and integral averaging technique, they established that every solution \(y\) of \((4)\) either oscillates or converges to finite number.\N\NThese works allow to note the following:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] When \(f(y)=y\), equations \((3)\) and \((4)\) are particular cases of \((1)\).\N\item[2.] The existing results do not guarantee the oscillation of the studied equations; rather, they guarantee that all solutions either oscillate or converge to some finite limit.\N\item[3.] It is not difficult to verify that Erbe [loc. cit., Theorem 1] and Yu and Wang [loc. cit., Corollary 2.1] are not applicable to the Euler dynamic equations of the form\N\[\Ny^{(\Delta^3)}+\frac{\lambda}{t^3}y=0.\N\]\N\end{itemize}\NMotivated with these results, the authors aim to initiate the study of the general equation \((1)\) and derive some easily verifiable sufficient conditions for the oscillation of \((1)\).\N\NThey also conclud the findings and discuss future research directions.