The decomposition of permutation module for infinite Chevalley groups. II (Q6991848)

Let \(\mathbf{G}\) be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field \(\Bbbk\) and \(\mathbf{B} \leq \mathbf{G}\) a Borel subgroup.\N\NMotivated by the previous work of \textit{X. Chen} and the author [Sci. China, Math. 64, No. 5, 921--930 (2021; Zbl 1535.20236)], this article completes the analysis of the permutation module \(\mathbb{F}[\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{B}]\) for an arbitrary field \(\mathbb{F}\). The module \(\mathbb{F}[\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{B}]\) is endowed with the structure of an \(\mathbb{F}\mathbf{G}\)-module via left translation and it is naturally isomorphic to the induced module \(\mathbb{F}\mathbf{G} \otimes_{\mathbb{F}\mathbf{B}} \mathrm{tr}\), where \(\mathrm{tr}\) denotes the trivial one-dimensional \(\mathbb{F}\mathbf{B}\)-module.\N\NIn the earlier paper, the authors proved that \(\mathbb{F}[\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{B}]\) has exactly \(2^r\) composition factors when \(\Bbbk = \overline{\mathbb{F}}_q\) and \(\mathrm{char}(\mathbb{F}) \ne \mathrm{char}(\Bbbk)\), where \(r\) is the semisimple rank of \(\mathbf{G}\). The main result of this sequel is that the same holds for arbitrary fields \(\mathbb{F}\), including the case \(\mathrm{char}(\mathbb{F}) = \mathrm{char}(\Bbbk)\).\N\NTo this end, the author constructs an explicit filtration of \(\mathbb{F}[\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{B}]\) whose subquotients \(E_J\) are indexed by subsets \(J \subset I\), where \(I\) denotes the set of simple reflections. The core of the paper is the proof that each \(E_J\) is irreducible and that the distinct \(E_J\) are pairwise non-isomorphic. The key technical innovations include a careful analysis of the structure of the unipotent radical \(\mathbf{U}\) of \(\mathbf{B}\), the introduction of the notion of self-enclosed subgroups of \(\mathbf{U}\) and a non-vanishing property of the augmentation map on \(E_J\) (extending methods previously used by \textit{A. Putman} and \textit{A. Snowden} [Duke Math. J. 172, No. 4, 775--808 (2023; Zbl 1523.16029)] and \textit{R. Yang} [J. Algebra 533, 17--24 (2019; Zbl 1436.20085)]).\N\NThe final section addresses the most delicate case, when \(\mathrm{char}(\mathbb{F}) = \mathrm{char}(\Bbbk) > 0\), combining combinatorial arguments with techniques from finite group theory (notably on finite \(p\)-groups and Serre's fixed point theory). This leads to a characteristic-free classification of the composition factors of \(\mathbb{F}[\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{B}]\), thereby answering affirmatively the question raised by Chen and the author [loc. cit.].