Equivariant geometric bordisms and universal complexes (Q6996850)

This paper studies the equivariant bordism of manifolds with torus actions from a topological and combinatorial viewpoint. The authors give new descriptions of the equivariant bordism groups for two types of manifolds: \(2\)-torus manifolds equipped with effective \(\mathbb{Z}_2^n\)-actions and unitary torus manifolds equipped with effective \(T^n\)-actions. They show that these groups are isomorphic to the reduced homology groups of certain universal complexes, allowing the classification problem to be treated in terms of homology.\N\NFor \(2\)-torus manifolds, the paper revisits results by Conner, Floyd, and later \textit{Z. Lü} and \textit{Q. Tan} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2014, No. 24, 6756--6797 (2014; Zbl 1316.57024)]. Using the information of fixed point set and representation algebras, the authors reformulate the existence condition for equivariant manifolds in terms of a differential operator on a graded algebra. They prove that the group \(\mathcal{Z}_n (\mathbb{Z}_2^n)\) formed by the equivariant unoriented bordism classes of all \(n\)-dimensional \(2\)-torus manifolds is isomorphic to \(\widetilde{H}_{n-1}(X(\mathbb{Z}_2^n);\mathbb{Z}_2)\), where \(X(\mathbb{Z}_2^n)\) is the universal complex determined by \(\mathbb{Z}_2^n\). Since this complex is homotopy equivalent to the wedge of \(A_n\) spheres \(S^{n-1}\) for some integer \(A_n\), the dimension of the bordism group is determined explicitly. Each bordism class is represented by a small cover, a topological analogue of a real toric variety.\N\NFor unitary torus manifolds, the approach parallels the previous case. Using the exterior algebra generated by irreducible complex representations of \(T^n\) and analogous boundary operator, the authors show that the group \(\mathcal{Z}_{2n}^{U}\) formed by the equivariant unitary bordism classes of all \(2n\)-dimensional unitary torus manifolds is isomorphic to \(\widetilde{H}_{n-1}(X(\mathbb{Z}^n);\mathbb{Z})\). The universal complex \(X(\mathbb{Z}^n)\) is known to be homotopy equivalent to a countably infinite wedge of spheres \(S^{n-1}\), implying that \(\mathcal{Z}_{2n}^U\) is a countably infinite direct sum of \(\mathbb{Z}\). Every bordism class is shown to be represented by an omnioriented quasitoric manifold.\N\NIn summary, the paper establishes a homological characterization of equivariant bordism for both real and complex torus manifolds. The results show that the corresponding bordism groups are generated by small covers over products of simplices, and omnioriented quasitoric manifolds over products of simplices.