Free extensivity via distributivity (Q7006433)

The framework of two-dimensional monad theory is appropriate for investigating the age-old problem of distributivity between limits and colimits of a given category. This paper is concerned with the canonical \textit{pseudodistributive law} [\textit{F. Marmolejo}, Theory Appl. Categ. 5, 91--147 (1999; Zbl 0919.18004); J. Pure Appl. Algebra 194, No. 1--2, 169--182 (2004; Zbl 1055.18002)] between various sorts of \textit{free limit completion} pseudomonads and the \textit{free coproduct completion} pseudomonads. Previous investigations of such distributivity properties include (infinitary) distributive categories [\textit{A. Carboni} et al., J. Pure Appl. Algebra 84, No. 2, 145--158 (1993; Zbl 0784.18001)], completely distributive categories [\textit{F. Marmolejo} et al., J. Pure Appl. Algebra 216, No. 8--9, 1775--1790 (2012; Zbl 1278.18001)], and doubly-infinitary distributive categories [\textit{F. L. Nunes} and \textit{M. Vákár}, ``Free doubly-infinitary distributive categories are Cartesian closed'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2403.10447}]. This paper shows that a similar analysis gives rise to well-known and novel notions of \textit{extensive categories}.\N\NThis paper, as a sequel to [loc. cit.], aims to address categories with a given class of limits, small coproducts, and a (pseudo)distributive law between them. The key observation is that various flavors of infinitary extensive categories are pseudoalgebras for such composites of pseudomonads. This observation, coupled with the findings of [\textit{F. Lucatelli Nunes} and \textit{M. Vákár}, Math. Struct. Comput. Sci. 33, No. 4--5, 311--426 (2023; Zbl 07813349)], contributes to the understanding of extensive categories and distributive categories through the prism of two-dimensiona universal algebra, adding to the comparison of these notions originally stated in [\textit{A. Carboni} et al., J. Pure Appl. Algebra 84, No. 2, 145--158 (1993; Zbl 0784.18001)].\N\NIt was demonstrated in [\textit{F. L. Nunes} and \textit{M. Vákár}, ``Free doubly-infinitary distributive categories are Cartesian closed'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2403.10447}] that freely generated doubly-infinitary distributive categories are cartesian closed. Besides, this investigation extended to encompass the study of exponentials in freely generated infinitary distributive categories. What is more general, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, yielding general results concerning exponentiability and cartesian closedness of Grothendieck constructions. What is notable, these results are applicable to a wide array of contexts, including freely generated categorical structures.