Quantum relativistic Toda chain at root of unity: isospectrality, modified \(Q\)-operator, and functional Bethe ansatz (Q700899)

Summary: We investigate an \(N\)-state spin model called quantum relativistic Toda chain and based on unitary, finite-dimensional representations of the Weyl algebra with \(q\) being the \(N\)th primitive root of unity. Parameters of the finite-dimensional representation of the local Weyl algebra form the classical discrete integrable system. Nontrivial dynamics of the classical counterpart corresponds to isospectral transformations of the spin system. Similarity operators are constructed with the help of modified Baxter's \(Q\)-operators. The classical counterpart of the modified \(Q\)-operator for the initial homogeneous spin chain is a Bäcklund transformation. This transformation creates an extra Hirota-type soliton in a parameterization of the chain structure. Special choice of values of solitonic amplitudes yields a degeneration of spin eigenstates, leading to the quantum separation of variables, or the functional Bethe ansatz. A projector on the separated eigenstates is constructed explicitly as a product of modified \(Q\)-operators.