Analysis of nonlinear impulsive adjoint integro-dynamic equations on time scale (Q7010880)

In this work, the authors prove the existence, uniqueness, and Ulam-type stability using the Banach contraction principle and the Picard operator. Additionally, they obtain Ulam-type stability via an extended integral impulsive inequality on time scales. To illustrate, the authors provide three applications:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item Nonlinear impulsive Hammerstein integro-dynamic adjoint equation:\N\[\N\begin{cases} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) + \frac{1}{\xi - 2} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) = \frac23 \int^\xi_{\xi_0} e^{-16}(s + \sin (\Phi(s))) \Delta s, \\\N\Phi(0) = 1, &\xi \in [0, 4]_{Ts}, \ \xi \neq 2\\\N\Upsilon(\Phi(2^-)) = \Phi(2^+) - \Phi(2^-) = \frac{2 + \sin(\Phi(2^-))}{5}, &\xi = 2. \end{cases}\N\]\N\N\item Nonlinear impulsive mixed integro-dynamic adjoint equation:\N\[\N\begin{cases} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) + \frac{1}{\xi - 2} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) = \frac{(\xi + \sin(\Phi(\xi)))}{100} + \int^\xi_{\xi_0} \frac{1}{100(\xi - \xi_0)} \Delta s, \\\N\Phi(0) = 1, &\xi \in [0, 4]_{Ts}, \ \xi \neq 2\\\N\Upsilon(\Phi(2^-)) = \Phi(2^+) - \Phi(2^-) = \frac{2 + \sin(\Phi(2^-))}{5}, &\xi = 2. \end{cases}\N\]\N\N\item Nonlinear impulsive Volterra-Fredholm-Hammerstein integro-dynamic adjoint equation:\N\[\N\begin{cases} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) + \frac{1}{\xi - 2} \Phi^\Delta(\xi) = \int^\xi_{\xi_0} \frac{(s + \sin(\Phi(s)))}{100} \Delta s \\\N\quad + \int^{0.2}_{0.1} \frac{(s + \sin(\Phi(s)))}{100} \Delta s + \frac23 \int^\xi_{\xi_0} e^{-16} (s + \sin (\Phi(s))) \Delta s, \\\N\Phi(0) = 1, &\xi \in [0, 4]_{Ts}, \ \xi \neq 2\\\N\Upsilon(\Phi(2^-)) = \Phi(2^+) - \Phi(2^-) = \frac{2 + \sin(\Phi(2^-))}{5}, &\xi = 2. \end{cases}\N\]\N\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe topic is relevant, and the paper is clearly written, well-structured, and presents novel results in a competitive area of research. It offers significant contributions to both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of integro-differential equations, and will likely be of interest to a broad readership working in this field.