Calogero-Moser spaces and the invariants of two matrices of degree 3 (Q7015846)

This paper addresses a central problem in invariant theory and representation theory: the explicit description of invariants of two \(3\times 3\) matrices and their connection with the Calogero-Moser (CM) space \(C_3\). The authors achieve two major goals: (i) simplifying the presentation of the invariants of pairs of \(3 \times 3\) matrices, and (ii) giving an explicit presentation of the coordinate ring of the CM space \(C_3\) and related varieties.\N\NIn particular, the authors show that the coordinate ring of \(C_3\) is generated by nine trace invariants subject to five polynomial relations, providing a minimal set of generators and relations. They further define a family of varieties \(C_{3,v}\), parametrized by a cubic curve, and prove that all such varieties are isomorphic to \(C_3\) except for the case \(v=0\), which corresponds to the \(GL_3\)-invariant commuting variety. For this commuting variety, they establish a similar presentation and prove that it has exactly three orbits under the affine Cremona group action.\N\NThese results simplify the study of invariants of two \(3\times 3\) matrices and provide a concrete algebraic description of the Calogero-Moser space \(C_3 \) and its relation to commuting varieties.