Linear recurrent sequences providing decomposition law in number fields (Q7026207)

The odd primes \(p\) which split in \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\) are observed to be characterized by the condition \(F_{p} \equiv 1\) mod \(5\) where \(F_p\) is the \(p\)-th Fibonacci number. Note that the characteristic polynomial associated to the recurrence sequence for the Fibonacci numbers has \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\) as its splitting field. More generally, the connection between the set of primes \(p\) which split completely in the splitting field of an irreducible \(f \in \mathbb{Z}[X]\) and congruences (modulo \(p\)) satisfied by linear recurrent sequences with characteristic polynomial \(f\) has been studied and described recently by \textit{J. Rosen} et al. [J. Number Theory 263, 335--365 (2024; Zbl 1559.11113)]. Interestingly, this study depends on using the new tool of finite algebraic numbers; viz., elements \(\alpha\) of the ring \(\prod_p \mathbb{F}_p/\oplus_p \mathbb{F}_p\), such that \(\alpha = (a_p\) mod \(p)_p\) for a sequence \((a_m)_m\) of rational numbers satisfying a homogeneous linear recurrence relation.\N\NThe paper under review provides a very interesting representation-theoretic interpretation of the results of \N\textit{J. Rosen} et al. [loc. cit.] in terms of the representation theory of the Galois group. The recurrence sequence is described explicitly as well; the analysis involves the group determinant. The authors also give explicit examples to demonstrate their main results. In their concluding remarks, the authors mention the following interesting aspects. The correspondence between split primes in \(L\) and the behavior of the corresponding recurrence sequence mod primes holds for almost all primes, and it is an important question as to determine which primes are exceptional. They point out that the determination of the exceptional set is closely related to choosing a good integral model of the algebraic torus \(R_{L/\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbb{G}_m)\). Voskresenskii has proposed canonical integral models for algebraic tori over global fields, which have very good reduction. In the present problem, we need to find a model whose root generates a normal basis.