Partitions into \(m\)-th Lehmer numbers and \(k\)-th power residues in \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) (Q7032062)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime, \(m, c\) be integers with \(m\geq 2\) and \(\mathbb Z_p^{*} = \{1,\cdots , p-1\}\). Let\N\begin{align*}\N\mathscr L_{m}(c)=\{ x\in \mathbb Z_p^{*} | 2\nmid x + (c x^m)_{p}\},\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \((c x^m)_{p}\) denotes the least positive residue modulo \(p\).\N\NLet \(\mathscr R_k(p)\) be the set of \(k\)-th power residues in \(\mathbb Z_p^{*}\). One question is, whether exists \(l \in \mathscr L_m(c)\) and \(r \in \mathscr R_k(p)\) such that \(n = l +r\) for any given element \(n \in \mathbb Z_p\). Let \(\mathscr F_{k,m}(n, p)\) denote the number of solutions of the above question.\N\NThe paper under review mainly provides an inequality for \(\mathscr F_{k,m}(n, p)\). More precisely, the authors prove the following result:\N\NLet \(p > 3\) be a prime and let \(m\geq 2\) be an integer. For any given element \(n \in \mathbb Z_p\) and any positive integer \(k | p-1\), one has\N\begin{align*}\N|\mathscr F_{k,m}(n, p)-\frac{p-1}{2k}|<\frac{m}{2}T_{p}^2\sqrt{p}\log^2 p+2,\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \(\displaystyle T_p=\frac{2\sum_{j=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\tan (\frac{\pi j}{p})}{p\log p}\).