BPS Lie algebras and the less perverse filtration on the preprojective CoHA (Q7032418)

Let \(Q\) be a quiver, and \(\Pi_Q\) the preprojective algebra of \(Q\). Fixing a dimension vector \(\mathbf{d}\), one can consider the moduli \textit{stack} \(\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbf{d}}(\Pi_Q)\) of representations of \(\Pi_Q\), as well as the coarse moduli \textit{space} \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{d}}(\Pi_Q)\). While both of these objects are very singular, their geometry is intimately related to geometric representation theory; namely, the Borel-Moore homology groups of \(\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbf{d}}(\Pi_Q)\), taken over all \(\mathbf{d}\), acquire the structure of cohomological Hall algebra [\textit{Y. Yang} and \textit{G. Zhao}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 116, No. 5, 1029--1074 (2018; Zbl 1431.17013)]. On the other hand, the geometry of the map \(p:\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbf{d}}(\Pi_Q)\to \mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{d}}(\Pi_Q)\) provides a local model for moduli of semistable objects in general 2-Calabi-Yau categories.\N\NThe purpose of the present paper is to provide an analogue of the decomposition theorem of Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne-Gabber for the map \(p\). The main technical complication is that the map \(p\) is not proper, or indeed representable. Nevertheless, it turns out that the pushforward of the dualizing sheaf \(p_*\mathbb{D}_{\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbf{d}}}\) is pure, and isomorphic to the direct sum of its cohomology sheaves (Theorem A).\N\NThe author extracts strong consequences out of Theorem A. First, he equips Borel-Moore homology of \(\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbf{d}}\) with perverse filtration \(\mathfrak{L}_\bullet\), and shows that it is compatible with CoHA product. Furthermore, he identifies the bottom part of this filtration with \(U(\mathfrak{g}_{\Pi_Q})\), where \(\mathfrak{g}_{\Pi_Q}\) is the \textit{BPS Lie algebra} (Theorem B). This allows him compute \(\mathfrak{g}_{\Pi_Q}\) in many instances. On top of this, the construction gives rise to a canonical subspaces of generators of \(\mathfrak{g}_{\Pi_Q}\) (Theorem C).\N\NThis paper must be regarded in the context of the subsequent advances. Bootstrapping from the local results found here, the generators of BPS algebra were interpreted as intersection cohomology of coarse moduli spaces for general 2-Calabi-Yau categories in [\textit{B. Davison} et al., ``BPS algebras and generalised Kac-Moody algebras from 2-Calabi-Yau categories'', preprint, \url{arXiv:2303.12592}], proving some conjectures of Bozec-Schiffmann. A strategy of reducing \(P=W\) conjecture in the non-coprime case to the coprime case was proposed in [\textit{B. Davison}, Adv. Math. 415, Article ID 108889, 61 p. (2023; Zbl 1516.14026)]. Finally, similar methods were pushed to prove Halpern-Leistner conjecture on the purity of \(0\)-shifted symplectic stacks in [\textit{L. Hennecart}, ``Cohomological integrality for symmetric quotient stacks'', preprint, \url{arXiv:2408.15786}].