Asymptotics and computation for a class of Fredholm integro-differential equations (Q7033860)

The authors consider a class of Fredholm integro-differential equations of the form\N\[\N\left( -\epsilon^{2}\dfrac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+\epsilon p(x)\frac{d}{dx}\right)u_{\epsilon}(x)+ q(x)(u_{\epsilon}(x)-\int^{1}_{0}W(z)u_{\epsilon}(z)dz)=f(x),\N\]\Nwhere \( \epsilon >0 \) and \( x\in(0,1) \), subject to Robin boundary conditions. For \( q >0 \), they establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniqueness of \( u_{\epsilon} \). The asymptotic behavior of \( u_{\epsilon} \) is fully classified into three cases:\N\N(i) \( \int_{0} ^{1} W \neq 1 \);\N\N(ii) \( (\int_{0}^{1}W,\int_{0}^{1}\frac{Wf}{q})=(1,0) \);\N\N(iii) \( \int_{0}^{1}W=1 \) and \( \int_{0}^{1}\dfrac{Wf}{q}\neq 0.\) \N\NIt may be noted that when (iii) is satisfied, \( u_{\epsilon} \) exhibits an asymptotic blow-up. \N\NThe authors propose a novel numerical algorithm for solving the above equation. The validity of theoretical findings is supported by numerical examples, figures and tables.