Upper semicontinuity of strong pullback attractors for delay non-autonomous dynamical systems and application to double time-delayed 2D MHD equations (Q7033992)

At first, the paper proves abstract results for strong pullback attractors for delay non-autonomous dynamical systems. Then this theory is applied to the following 2D non-autonomous retarded MHD problem:\N\[\N\begin{cases} \N\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + (u\cdot \nabla)u - \frac{1}{R_e}\Delta u - S(B\cdot \nabla)B + \nabla \left( p + \frac{S|B|^2}{2}\right) \\\N= f(t,x) + h_1(u(t-\rho(t)),x), \\\N\frac{\partial B}{\partial t} + (u\cdot \nabla)B - (B\cdot \nabla)u + \frac{1}{R_m}\widetilde{\mathrm{curl}}(\mathrm{curl}B) \\\N= g(t,x) + \int_{-\varrho}^0 h_2(B(t+\sigma),\sigma)d\sigma, \\\N\nabla \cdot u =0,\quad \nabla \cdot B =0,\quad t>\tau,\, x\in\Omega,\\\Nu|_{\partial\Omega}=0,\quad B|_{\partial\Omega}=0,\quad t>\tau,\\\Nu(\tau+\sigma,x):=\phi(\sigma,x),\quad B(\tau+\sigma,x):=\varphi(\sigma,x),\quad \sigma\in [-\varrho,0], \, x\in\Omega. \end{cases} \N\]\NHere, \(\tau\in\mathbb{R},\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2\) is a bounded domain with smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega,\) \(u=(u_1,u_2)\) is the velocity of the fluid, \(B=(B_1,B_2)\) is the magnetic field of the fluid, and \(p\) is the pressure of the fluid. \(\varrho>0\) is the delay time, \(S=\frac{M^2}{R_eR_m},\) where \(R_e>0\) is the Reynolds number, \(R_m>0\) is the magnetic Reynolds number, and \(M>0\) is the Hartman number. \(f\) and \(g\) are given non-autonomous forcings, \(h_1\) and \(h_2\) represent variable and distributed delay forcings, respectively, \(\rho(\cdot)\) denotes the delay function. \(\widetilde{\mathrm{curl}}(\mathrm{curl}B)=\nabla(\nabla\cdot B)-\Delta B.\)\N\NUnder a number of assumptions on \(\rho(\cdot), f\) and \(g\), the authors prove the existence of the unique strong pullback \(\mathfrak{D}\)-attractor for the considered problem. The authors also establish the upper semicontinuity of the strong pullback \(\mathfrak{D}\)-attractor as the delay time \(\varrho\) tends to zero.