Ennea-algebras (Q706015)

The paper under review introduces a new class of algebras with several binary operations, motivated by some operads, when the underlying algebras have two binary operations and the recent work on trialgebras [\textit{J.-L. Loday} and \textit{M. Ronco}, Contemp. Math. 346, 369--398 (2004; Zbl 1065.18007)] and quadrialgebras [\textit{M. Aquiar} and \textit{J.-L. Loday}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 191, No. 3, 205-221 (2004; Zbl 1097.17002)]. The new class of algebras called \(t\)-ennea-algebras, where \(t\) is a parameter from the ground field, have nine binary operations (``ennea'' -- ``nine'' in Greek), subject to 49 identical relations, with some symmetries between them. Three of these operations give the algebra the structure of dendriform trialgebra. The new algebras allow the construction of nested dendriform trialgebras and are related to pre-Lie algebras, \(t\)-infinitesimal bialgebras and \(t\)-Baxter operators. Then the author considers free \(t\)-ennea-algebras and discusses the possible combinatorial objects hidden behind them. He shows that the augmented free \(t\)-ennea-algebra has a structure of connected Hopf algebra. Finally, the author uses Baxter operators to produce formal deformations of dendriform algebras, quadrialgebras and ennea-algebras.