Asymptotics for eigenvalues of the Laplacian in higher dimensional periodically perforated domains (Q707979)

Set \(N\in \{3,4,5\}\), \(0\leq a<\pi\), \(S^a=\{x\in\mathbb R^N: \exists p\in\mathbb Z^N\) such that \(|x-2\pi p|<a\}\) (in particular, we have \(S^0=\overline{S^0}=\partial S^0= \emptyset\)), and \(Y=[-\pi,\pi )^N\). Consider the spectral periodic boundary problem for the Laplace operator: \[ \Delta\varphi +\lambda (a)\varphi = 0 \text{ in } \mathbb R^N\setminus \overline{S^a};\quad \varphi \text{ is } Y\text{-periodic};\quad \varphi =0 \text{ on }\partial S^a \text{ for } a\neq 0. \tag{1.a} \] It is well-known that all eigenvalues of the problem (1.a) may be arranged in increasing order repeating each eigenvalue according to its multiplicity: \(0\leq \lambda_1(a)<\lambda_2(a) \leq\cdots\leq\lambda_m(a)\leq\cdots\to\infty\), where \(0= \lambda_1(0)<\lambda_1(a)\) \(\forall a\in (0,\pi)\), and \(\lambda_m(a)\to\lambda_m(0)\) as \(a\to 0\) \(\forall m\in\mathbb N^*\equiv \mathbb N\setminus \{ 0\}\). The main result of the paper is the following. Theorem. For all \(a\) small enough and for any \(m\in\mathbb N^*\) such that the \(m\)th eigenvalue \(\lambda_m(0)\) of (1.0) is simple, the following asymptotic expansion of the \(m\)th eigenvalue of (1.a) holds: \[ \lambda_m(a)=\lambda_m(0)+(N-2)S_N\varphi_m^2(0)a^{N-2}+O(q_N(a)), \] where \(\varphi_m\) is the eigenvector of (1.0) corresponding to \(\lambda_m(0)\) such that \(\| \varphi_m\|_{L^2(Y)}=1\) and \(S_N\) denotes the area of the unit sphere in \(\mathbb R^N\); \(q_3(a)=a^2\), \(q_4(a)=a^3|\ln a|^{1/2}\), \(q_5(a)=a^{7/2}\). The proof of this theorem is based on the technique of iterated Green functions and of \(L^p\)-norm estimates. As an application of the main result, the authors (here we cite the abstract) ``use Bloch waves to find the classical strange term in homogenization theory, as the size of holes goes to zero faster than the microstructure period''.