Hopf-transcritical bifurcation in retarded functional differential equations (Q708705)

Firstly, a codimension-two unfolding for the Hopf-transcritical bifurcation is studied, and complete bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits are given. In particular, the heteroclinic bifurcation curve is investigated explicitly, and conditions are obtained under which the secondary bifurcation periodic solutions and the heteroclinic orbit are stable. Secondly, the authors show how to reduce a general retarded functional differential equation, with perturbation parameters near the critical point of the Hopf-transcritical bifurcation, to a 3-dimensional ordinary differential equation which is restricted on the center manifold up to the third order with unfolding parameters, and further reduce it to a 2-dimensional amplitude system, where these unfolding parameters can be expressed by the original perturbation parameters. Finally, the general results are applied to the van der Pol equation with delayed feedback, and the existence of stable or unstable equilibria, periodic solutions and quasi-periodic solutions are obtained.