On some algebraic properties of CM-types of CM-fields and their reflexes (Q710485)

Recall that a CM-field \(K\) is an imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real field \(K_0\). The theory of complex multiplication as detailed in the monographs of Shimura-Taniyama [\textit{G. Shimura} and \textit{Y. Taniyama}, Complex multiplication of abelian varieties and its applications to number theory. Tokyo: The Mathematical Society of Japan (1961; Zbl 0112.03502)] and \textit{G. Shimura}, Abelian varieties with complex multiplication and modular functions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1998; Zbl 0908.11023)] describes the Galois group of the maximal abelian extension of a reflex field of such a field \(K\). In this paper, the author refines some of these results and later results of \textit{G. Shimura} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 34, 65--86 (1977; Zbl 0445.14021)], \textit{A. I. Ovseevich} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 8, 14--20 (1974); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 8, No. 1, 16--24 (1974; Zbl 0321.14022)] and Wei [preprint 1994] to describe the Galois group in some more detail. In the first section, she reformulates the description of the Galois group of the reflex fields that was given by \textit{B. Dodson} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 283, 1--32 (1984; Zbl 0535.12008)]. Then she introduces a combinatorial structure on the reflex fields of \(K\) (Proposition 1.2) and uses it as a key tool to prove the main theorems. The first (Theorem 2.1) states roughly that for any odd prime number \(p\) and natural number \(b\), the \(p\)-primary component of the Galois group of the ray class field of \(K\) modulo \(b\) over the field \(\mathcal{M}_{K,b}\) of moduli and \(b\)-torsion points of all polarized abelian varieties of CM-type whose reflex field is contained in \(K\) is isomorphic to the \(p\)-primary component of the image under the Verlagerung map of the Galois group of the ray class field of \(K_0\) modulo \(b\) over the compositum of \(K_0\) and the ray class field of \(\mathbb{Q}\) modulo \(b\). Using this result, the author reproves the result of Wei mentioned above. There, if \(\mathcal{M}_K\) denotes the subfield of the maximal abelian extension \(K^{\text{ab}}\) of \(K\) obtained by adjoining the moduli of all polarized abelian varieties of CM-type with reflex field contained in \(K\), then the subgroup corresponding to \(\mathcal{M}_K\) is the image of \(\text{Gal}(K_0^{\text{ab}}/K_0\cdot\mathbb{Q}^{ab})\) in \(\text{Gal}(K^{\text{ab}}/K)\) by the Verlagerung. The second main result in this paper (Theorem 3.1) gives a proposal for a set of CM-fields \(K(I)\) as a dual set of the reflex fields of \(K\) and then a character identity is derived between these two sets, from which follows an identity of Artin \(L\)-functions as in Shimura [loc. cit.] (Corollary 3.1). The third main result gives a relationship between reflex fields and a certain Pfister form. Let \(K=K_0\left(\sqrt{-d}\right)\), where \(d\) is a totally positive element of \(K_0\), and let \(\varphi_1,\dots\varphi_N\) be the embeddings of \(K_0\) into \(\mathbb C\). Let \(\langle\cdot\rangle\) consider the Pfister form that is defined over the Galois closure of \(K_0\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\): \[ q:=\langle1,\varphi_1(d)\rangle\otimes\cdots\otimes\langle1,\varphi_N(d)\rangle. \] Then the theorem says that \(q\) is isomorphic to \(2^{-N}\) times the orthogonal direct sum of the trace forms \(\text{Tr}_{K^*(\Phi)/\mathbb{Q}}(a\overline{a})\), where \(K^*(\Phi)\) is the reflex field of \((K,\Phi)\). This is a generalization of the well-known fact that the Pfister form \(\langle 1,d\rangle\) is the norm form for the extension \(\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt{-d}\right)/\mathbb{Q}\).