On the occurrence of the sine kernel in connection with the shifted moments of the Riemann zeta function (Q710494)

In this paper, the author studies \textit{shifted moments}, which are a generalization of the moments of the Riemann zeta-function. Predictions coming from random matrix theory are stated and are proven to be true in specific cases. The values of the moments \[ M_k(T):= \int_0^T \left|\zeta\left(\frac 12 + it \right)\right|^{2k}\,dt \] are known (asymptotically) for \(k=1,2\), and the following asymptotic formula is conjectured for \(k\geq 1\): \[ M_k(T) \sim \frac{g_k a_k}{(k^2)!}T (\log T)^{k^2}, \] where \(a_k\) and \(g_k\) are constants depending on \(k\) (see (1.3.1) of [\textit{J. B. Conrey} et al., Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 91, No. 1, 33--104 (2005; Zbl 1075.11058)]). In the present paper, the author considers for \(\mu_1,...,\mu_k,\nu_1,...,\nu_k \in \mathbb R\) the quantity \[ M_k(T;\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v}) := \int_{T_0}^T \prod_{j=1}^{k}\zeta\left( \frac 12 + i \left(t+\frac{2\pi \mu_j}{\log t} \right)\right)\zeta\left( \frac 12 - i \left(t+\frac{2\pi \nu_j}{\log t} \right)\right)\,dt, \] where \(\mathbf u = (\mu_1,...,\mu_k)\), \(\mathbf v =(\nu_1,...,\nu_k)\). Note that \( M_k(T;0,0) = M_k(T)\) reduces to the ordinary moments. It is proven that \[ M_1(T;\mu,\nu) \sim e^{-i\pi (\mu -\nu)} \mathbb{S}(\pi(\mu-\nu)) T \log T, \] \[ M_2(T;(\mu,\nu),(\mu,\nu)) \sim \frac{3}{2\pi^2} \mathbb T (\pi(\mu-\nu)) T (\log T)^4, \] where the kernels are given by \(\mathbb S (x) := \frac{\sin x}{x}\) for \(x\neq 0\), \(\mathbb S (0)=1\); \(\mathbb T(x) := \frac 1{x^2} \left(1-\left(\frac{\sin x}{x}\right)^2 \right)\) for \(x\neq 0\), \(\mathbb T(0):=1/3\). For \(\mu=\nu=0\), these results reduce to the classical estimation of the second and fourth moments of the Riemann zeta function. The author then gives a conjecture for the general asymptotic value of \(M_k(T;\mathbf u, \mathbf v)\) in terms of the constant \(a_k\) times a sine kernel which generalizes the kernels \(\mathbb S\) and \(\mathbb T\). Note that the value of \(g_k\) can be obtained from this kernel. Finally it is shown how one can deduce this conjecture from a conjecture of \textit{J. B. Conrey, D. W. Farmer, J. P. Keating, M. O. Rubinstein} and \textit{N. C. Snaith} [Commun. Math. Phys. 237, No. 3, 365--395 (2003; Zbl 1090.11055)]. As the author shows, the conjectural asymptotic formula for \(M_k(T;\mathbf u,\mathbf v)\) (which is proven for \(k=1,2\)) coincides with the (normalized) asymptotic formula for the correlation function of order \(2k\) of the characteristic polynomial in the Circular Unitary Ensemble. It is also mentioned that the sine kernels obtained also come up in many other ensembles of random matrices, such as the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble or more generally the whole class of unitary-invariant matrix ensembles.