The characteristic polynomials of Abelian varieties of dimensions 3 over finite fields (Q710510)

The isogeny class of an abelian variety over a finite field is determined by the characteristic polynomial of its Frobenius endomorphism. This paper exhibits all these characteristic polynomials for simple abelian threefolds over a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\). These polynomials had been described by \textit{C. P. Xing} in a less complete form [Sci. China, Ser. A 37, No. 2, 147--150 (1994; Zbl 0811.14041)]. The characteristic polynomials are necessarily of the type \[ p(t)=t^6+a_1t^5+a_2t^4+a_3t^3+qa_2t^2+q^2a_1t+q^3, \] with \(p(t)\in\mathbb{Z}[t]\) either irreducible, or the cubic power of \(h(t)=t^2+\beta t+q\), for some integer \(\beta\) such that \(|\beta|<2\sqrt{q}\). The results of the paper are: (1) characterize when \(p(t)\) is a Weil polynomial (i.e. all its roots are \(q\)-Weil numbers), in terms of bounds on the coefficients, (2) characterize when \(p(t)\) is irreducible, (3) among all irreducible \(p(t)\), characterize the characteristic polynomials of abelian threefolds, and describe the shape of the Newton polygon in each case.