The differential susceptibility SIR epidemic model with time delay and pulse vaccination (Q711523)

The authors consider the following differential susceptibility SIR model \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} &\left.\begin{aligned} \dot{S}_i(t) &= -\frac{\beta_iS_i(t)I(t)}{1+\alpha S_i(t)}+\mu(p_i-S_i(t)),\quad i=1,\dots,m, \\ \dot{I}(t)&=\sum\limits_{i=1}^m\frac{\beta_iS_i(t)I(t)}{1+\alpha S_i(t)}-\sum\limits_{i=1}^m\frac{\beta_iS_i(t-\omega_i)I(t-\omega_i)} {1+\alpha S_i(t-\omega_i)}e^{-\mu \omega_i}-\mu I, \end{aligned}\right\} t\not=nT,\\ &\left.\begin{aligned} S_i(t^+)&=(1-\theta_i)S_i(t),\\ I(t^+)&=I(t) \end{aligned}\right\} t=nT. \end{aligned}\right. \tag{1} \] Here, the susceptible individuals are divided into \(m\) groups, and the susceptibilities of individuals from different groups are distinct. Furthermore, they assume that repeated vaccination over a defined age range is taken. By using an existence theorem for a periodic solution for an impulsive differential equation from [\textit{G. Pang, L. Chen}, Chaos Solitons Fractals 34, No. 5, 1629--1635 (2007; Zbl 1152.34379)] and the comparison method, they show (1) has an infection free periodic solution which is global attractive if \(R^*<1\), where \(R^*=\frac{1-e^{-\mu T}}{\mu}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}\frac{\beta_ip_i}{1-(1-\theta_i)e^{-\mu T}+\alpha p_i(1-e^{-\mu T})}\). If \(R^*>1\), system (1) is permanent.