Limit cycles for planar semi-quasi-homogeneous polynomial vector fields (Q713459)

Let \(p\) and \(q\) be two positive integers. We recall that a polynomial \(f(x,y) \in \mathbb{R}[x,y]\) is called ``\((p,q)\)-quasi-homogeneous of weighted degree \(m\)'' if \(f(\lambda^p x , \lambda^q y) = \lambda^m \, f(x,y)\) for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{R}\) and for all \((x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2\). This paper deals with planar semi-quasi-homogeneous polynomial differential systems, that is, systems of the form \[ \frac{dx}{dt} = P_m(x,y), \quad \frac{dy}{dt} = Q_n(x,y), \tag{1} \] where \((x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2\), and \(P_m(x,y)\) and \(Q_n(x,y)\) are \((p,q)\)-quasi-homogeneous real polynomials of weighted degrees \(m\) and \(n\), respectively. Clearly, these systems are a generalization of homogeneous systems (\(p=q=1\) and \(m=n\)), quasi-homogeneous systems (\(m=n\)) and semi-homogeneous systems (\(p=q=1\)). The main results of this work deal with the number of limit cycles of the system (1). Most of them are generalizations of the results given in [\textit{A. Cima} et al., Appl. Math. 24, No. 3, 281--287 (1997; Zbl 0880.34032)]. The first main result, Theorem 2, determines in terms of \(p\), \(q\), \(m\) and \(n\) whether the system (1) may have periodic orbits or not. It can be shown that, under certain generic hypothesis, system (1) has only one finite singular point which is the origin of coordinates. In Theorem 3, the author establishes conditions for the origin to be a center and determines its cyclicity inside the family of systems of the form (1). Local phase portraits of the origin are described in Theorem 4. Finally, Theorem 5 deals with conditions for the infinity to be of ``center'' type, and a determination of its cyclicity inside the family of systems of the form (1) is provided.