An isoperimetric constant associated to horizons in \(S^3\) blown up at two points (Q719388)

If in the sphere \( \mathbb{S}^{3} \) with Riemannian metric \( g \) there are punched two points \( p \neq q \), one may blow up the metric \( g \) on \( \mathbb{S}^{3} \setminus \{p,q\} \) to a conformally equivalent metric \( \overline{g} := (G_{p}+G_{q})^{4}g \) where \( G_{p} \) denotes Green's function at \( p \) associated to the Yamabe operator which exists if the Yamabe constant \( \mu(g) \) is positive (always assumed). The Yamabe operator is \( L^{g} := 8\Delta^{g}+\text{Scal}^{g} \) (linear combination of the Laplacian w.r.t. the Levi-Cività connection and the scalar curvature). The Yamabe constant essentially is the infimum of the mean values of the scalar curvature taken over the conformal factors for \( g \). In addition, the blown-up manifold is asymptotically flat and scalar flat and thus contains at least one compact minimal surface by the works of \textit{W. H. Meeks} III., \textit{L. Simon} and \textit{S.-T. Yau} [Ann. Math. (2) 116, 621--659 (1982; Zbl 0521.53007)] and \textit{Yu Yan} [Math. Res. Lett. 12, No. 2-3, 219--230 (2005; Zbl 1080.53063)]. The authors then consider the outermost minimal surface \( \Sigma \) (a horizon) which bounds a cylindrical domain \( \Omega \) diffeomorphic to \( \mathbb{S}^{2}\times (a,b) \) for some interval with \( a \leq b \). The main result is an isoperimetric inequality for the quotient \( \Theta_{p}^{g}(q) := \text{vol}(\Omega)/\text{vol}(\Sigma)^{3/2} \) where these volumes are taken w.r.t. the blown-up metric, namely: \[ \mu(g)(1+4\Theta_{p}^{g}(q)/\sqrt{\pi}) \leq \mu(\sigma) , \] with \( \sigma \) the standard metric of the round unit sphere. Corollaries are deduced for metrics with large \( \Theta \)-invariant. The method uses \textit{G. Huisken}'s and \textit{T. Ilmanen}'s inverse weak mean curvature flow [J. Differ. Geom. 59, No. 3, 353--437 (2001; Zbl 1055.53052)] and several other tools from advanced analysis.