Embeddings and the growth envelope of Besov spaces involving only slowly varying smoothness (Q719496)

Let \(\Omega\) be a Borel subset of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Denote by \(\mathcal{M}_0(\Omega)\) the family of all complex-valued or extended real-valued measurable functions defined on \(\Omega\) and by \(\mathcal{M}_0^+(\Omega)\) the subset of \(\mathcal{M}_0(\Omega)\) consisting of all functions which are non-negative a.\,e. on \(\Omega\). If \(\Omega=(a,b) \subset\mathbb{R}\), write simply \(\mathcal{M}_0(a,b)\) and \(\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b)\) instead of \(\mathcal{M}_0((a,b))\) and \(\mathcal{M}_0^+((a,b))\), respectively. Denote by \(\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b;\uparrow)\) or \(\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b;\downarrow)\), respectively, the collection of all \(f\in\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b)\) which are non-decreasing or non-increasing on \((a,b)\). Let \((a,b)\) be one of the intervals \((0,\infty)\), \((0,1)\) or \((1,\infty)\), a function \(f\in\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b)\,(0\not\equiv b \not\equiv\infty)\) is said to be slowly varying on \((a,b)\) (denoted by \(f\in SV(a,b)\)) if for each \(\varepsilon>0\), there are functions \(g_\varepsilon\in \mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b;\uparrow)\) and \(g_{-\varepsilon}\in\mathcal{M}_0^+(a,b; \downarrow)\) such that \(t^\varepsilon f(t)\sim g_\varepsilon(t)\) and \(t^{-\varepsilon}f(t)\sim g_{-\varepsilon}(t)\) for all \(t\in(a,b)\), where \(A\sim B\) means that \(A\) and \(B\) are equivalent. For \(f\in\mathcal{M}_0(\mathbb{R}^n)\), define the non-increasing rearrangement \(f^\ast\) by \(f^\ast(t):=\inf\{\lambda\geq0:|\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n :|f(x)|>\lambda\}|_n\leq t\}\) for all \(t\geq0\), where \(|E|_n\) stands for the Lebesgue measure of \(E\subset\mathbb{R}^n\). The corresponding maximal function \(f^{\ast\ast}\) is given by \(f^{\ast\ast}(t):=\frac1t\int_0^tf^\ast(s)\,ds\). For \(r\in(0,\infty]\) and non-negative measurable function \(\omega\) on the interval \((0,1)\), denote by \((L_r(\Omega),\|\cdot\|_{r,\Omega})\) the usual Lebesgue space and by \(\Lambda_r^{\mathrm{loc}}(\omega)\) the classical Lorentz space which is the set of all measurable functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that \(\|\omega f^\ast\|_{r,(0,1)}<\infty\). If \(p\in[1,\infty)\) and \(b\in SV(0,1)\) satisfies \(\|t^{-1/r}b(t)\|_{r,(0,1)}=\infty\), then the Besov space \(B^{0,b}_{p,r}:=B^{0,b}_{p,r}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) consists of all functions \(f\in L_p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) such that \(\|f\|_{B_{p,r}^{0,b}}:=\|f\|_{p,\mathbb{R}^n}+\|t^{-1/r}b(t)\omega_1(f,t)_p\| _{r,(0,1)}<\infty\), where \(\omega_1(f,t)_p:=\sup_{h\in\mathbb{R}^n,|h|\leq1} \|f(\cdot+h)-f(\cdot)\|_{p,\mathbb{R}^n}\). In this paper, the authors first prove that: If \(p\in[1,\infty)\), \(q\in(0,\infty]\), \(r\in[1,\infty]\) and \(b\in SV(0,1)\) satisfy \(\|t^{-1/r}b(t)\|_{r,(0,1)}=\infty\) and if \(\omega\) is a non-negative measurable function on \((0,1)\), then \(\|\omega f^\ast\|_{q,(0,1)} \leq C\|f\|_{B^{0,b}_{p,r}}\) for all \(f\in B^{0,b}_{p,r}\) if and only if \[ \|\omega f^\ast\|_{q,(0,1)}\leq C\left\|t^{-1/r}b(t^{1/n}) \left[\int_0^t(f^\ast(u))^p\,du\right]^{1/p}\right\|_{r,(0,1)} \] for all \(f\in\mathcal{M}_0(\mathbb{R}^n)\). These results are applied to establish sharp local embeddings of the Besov spaces in question into Lorentz-Karamata spaces. Let \((A,\|\cdot\|_A)\subset \mathcal{M}_0(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be a quasi-normed space such that \(A\hookrightarrow L_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)\). A positive, non-negative, continuous function \(h\) defined on some interval \((0,\varepsilon]\) with \(\varepsilon\in(0,1)\) is called the (local) growth envelope function of the space \(A\) provided that \(h(t)\sim\sup_{\|f\|_A\leq1} f^\ast(t)\) for all \(t\in(0,\varepsilon]\). Given a growth envelope function \(h\) of the space \(A\) and a number \(u\in(0,\infty]\), call the pair \((h,u)\) the (local) growth envelope of the space \(A\) when the inequality \(\{\int_{(0,\varepsilon) }[\frac{f^\ast(t)}{h(t)}]^q\,d\mu_H(t)\}^{1/q}\leq C\|f\|_A\) holds for all \(f\in A\) if and only if the positive exponent \(q\geq u\), where \(\mu_H\) is the Borel measure associated with the non-decreasing function \(H(t):=-\ln h(t),\,t\in (0,\varepsilon)\). In this paper, applying the aforementioned results, the authors further prove that: If \(p\in[1,\infty)\), \(r\in[1,\infty]\) and \(b\in SV(0,1)\) satisfy \(\|t^{-1/r}b(t)\|_{r,(0,1)}=\infty\), then the growth envelope of \(B_{p,r}^{0,b}\) is the pair \((t^{-1/p}b_r(t)^{-1}, \max\{p,r\})\), where \(b_r(t):=\|s^{-1/r}b(s^{1/n})\|_{r,(t,2)}\) for all \(t\in(0,1)\). The authors also show that they cannot describe all local embeddings of Besov spaces \(B_{p,r}^{0,b}\) into Lorentz-Karamata spaces in terms of growth envelopes.