On the Krall-type polynomials on \(q\)-quadratic lattices (Q719623)

It is well known that the classical orthogonal polynomials named after Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi satisfy a linear second order differential equation with polynomial coefficients that do not depend on the degree of the polynomials (Bochner's theorem). In 1940 H. L. Krall discovered that there are only three extra families of orthogonal polynomials that appear as eigenfunctions of a fourth order linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients independent of the degree of the polynomials. These polynomials were named Legendre-type, Laguerre-type and Jacobi-type polynomials, and are orthogonal with respect to the classical weight function extended by Dirac's delta distribution, restricted to the space of all complex polynomials with complex coefficients, at the endpoint(s) of the interval of orthogonality. Later one discovered that more general families of orthogonal polynomials with respect to such a weight function satisfy linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients independent of the degree of the polynomials. The order of these differential equations is higher than four. These kinds of orthogonal polynomials are named after Krall by the authors: Bessel-Krall, Hermite-Krall, Jacobi-Krall and Laguerre-Krall polynomials. Some authors considered classical discrete weight functions instead of the continuous ones which lead to Charlier-Krall, Meixner-Krall, Kravchuk-Krall and Hahn-Krall polynomials. In this paper the authors generalize this by adding Dirac's delta distribution to discrete functionals defined on the \(q\)-quadratic lattice \(x(s)=c_1q^s+c_2q^{-s}+c_3\). This leads to so-called \(q\)-Racah-Krall polynomials which are considered in detail. Limit cases are the dual \(q\)-Hahn-Krall and the \(q\)-Hahn-Krall polynomials.