On the Krall-type discrete polynomials (Q1876702)

Let \(\mathbf{u}\) be a quasi-definite linear functional in the vector space \(\mathbb{P}\) of polynomials with complex coefficients. Then there exists a sequence of monic polynomials (\(P_{n})\) with \(\deg P_{n}=n\), such that \(\langle \mathbf{u},\,P_{n}P_{m}\rangle=k_{n}\,\delta_{n,\,m}\), \(k_{n}\neq 0\), \(n,m=0,1,2,\ldots\). Considering perturbations of the functional \(\mathbf{u}\) of the form \[ \tilde{\mathbf{u}}=\mathbf{u}+\sum_{i=1}^{M}A_{i}\,\delta(x-a_{i}), \] where \((A_{i})_{i=1}^{M}\) are nonzero real numbers and \(\delta(x-y)\) is the Dirac linear functional defined by \(\langle \delta(x-y),p(x)\rangle=p(y), \forall p\in \mathbb{P}\), one obtains the so-called Krall-type orthogonal polynomials. In this paper the authors study the case where the functional \(\mathbf{u}\) in (1) is a semiclassical discrete or \(q\)-discrete functional making a special emphasis in the case where \(\mathbf{u}\) is a classical discrete or \(q\)-classical functional. The authors present a unified theory for studying the Krall-type discrete orthogonal polynomials. In particular, the three-term recurrence relation, lowering and raising operators as well as the second order linear difference equation that the sequences of monic orthogonal polynomials satisfy are established. Some relevant examples of \(q\)-Krall polynomials are considered in detail.